Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T22:15:07.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Self-efficacy and physical activity in adolescents with trivial, mild, or moderate congenital cardiac malformations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2008

Galit Bar-Mor ,
Yoram Bar-Tal ,
Tamar Krulik  and
Benjamin Zeevi
Galit Bar-Mor*
Affiliation:
Cardiology Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel;
Yoram Bar-Tal
Affiliation:
Nursing Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
Tamar Krulik
Affiliation:
Nursing Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
Benjamin Zeevi
Affiliation:
Cardiology Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel;
*
Galit Bar-Mor, Nursing Administration, 14 Kaplan St, Petach-Tiqva 49202, Israel. Tel: 972-3-6969631; Fax: 972-3-6969687, Email: obarmor@netvision.net il (home); gbar-mor@clalit CO il (work)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Our purpose was to examine the cognitive processes that influence involvement in physical activity among 100 adolescents, 55 boys and 45 girls, ranging in age from 12 to 18 years, with trivial, mild, or moderate forms of congenital cardiac disease. We hypothesized, first, that the severity of the congenital cardiac malformation itself has an indirect effect on self-efficacy regarding physical activity, and that the relationship between the two is mediated by the recommendations of the cardiologist and the attitude of the mother. Second, we argued that self-efficacy serves as a mediating variable between the recommendations of the cardiologist and the attitude of the mother, on the one hand, and involvement in physical activity, on the other. The results confirmed both hypotheses. In a population of adolescents with trivial to moderate congenital cardiac malformations, beliefs in self-efficacy, rather than severity of the disease, were the most influential factors in determining whether or not adolescents will engage in sports or other physical activities. We also demonstrated the importance of the role played by the recommendations of the cardiologist in determining both the attitudes of the mother and the belief in self-efficacy of the adolescents.

Keywords

Self-efficacyphysical activity, congenital cardiac malformationsadolescents
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 10 , Issue 6 , November 2000 , pp. 561 - 566
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Goldberg, B (ed). Sports and Exercise for Children with Chronic Health Conditions. Human Kinetics, Champaign, 1995.Google Scholar
2. Harsha, DW.The benefits of physical activity in childhood. Am J Med Sci 1995;310: 109–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Shephard, RJ.Benefits of sport and physical activity for the disabled: Implications for the individual and for society. Scand J Rehabil Med 1991;23: 51–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. Garson, A, Williams, RB, Reckless, J.Long-term follow-up of patients with tetralogy of Fallot: physical health and psychopathology. J Pediatr 1974;85: 429–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Gersony, WM, Hayes, CJ, Driscoll, DJ, Kean, JF, Kidd, L.Second natural history study of congenital heart defects: quality of life of patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or ventricular septal defect. Circulation 1993;87: 52–65.Google ScholarPubMed
6. Donovan, EF, Mathews, RA, Nixon, PA, Stephenson, RJ, Fischer, DR.An exercise program for pediatnc patients with congenital heart disease: psychological aspects. J Card Rehabil 1982,3: 476–480.Google Scholar
7. Vaccaro, P, Glaioto, F, Brandly, LM, Vaccaro, J.Effect of physical training on exercise tolerance of children following surgical repair of D-transposition of great arteries. J Sports Med 1987;27: 443–448.Google Scholar
8. Gahoto, FM. Cardiac rehabilitation for children. In: Garson, A, Bncker, JT.McNamara, DG (eds). The Science and Practice of Pediatric Cardiology. Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 1990, pp 2267–2273.Google Scholar
9. Calzolari, A, Turetta, A, Biondi, G, Drago, F, Ragonese, P., Rehabilitation of children after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Cardiol 1990;28 151–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Rubino, S, Calzolari, A, Allocca, A, Drago, F, Marcelleti, C.Heart rehabilitation: techniques and methods for children after surgical repair of congenital heart disease. Soc Technol Assess Health Care 1993;9: 213 (Abstract).Google Scholar
11. Gahoto, FM, Tomassoni TL Exercise rehabilitation in congenital cardiac disease. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 1993;2: 50–54.Google Scholar
12. Skalansky, MS, Bricker, JT.Guidelines of exercise and sports participation in children and adolescence with congenital heart disease. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 1993;2: 55–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Bjornstad, PG, Spurkland, I, Lindberg, HL.The impact of severe congenital heart disease on physical and psychological functioning in adolescents. Cardiol Young 1955,5: 56–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Bowyer, JJ, Busst, CM, Till, JA, Lincoln, C, Shinebourne, EA.Exercise ability after Mustard's operation. Arch Dis Child 1990;65: 865–870.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Casey, FA, Craig, BG, Mulholland, HC.Quality of life in surgically palliated complex congenital heart disease. Arch Dis Child 1994;70: 382–386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16Ferencz, C, Wiegmann, FL, Duning, RE.Medical knowledge of young persons with heart disease. J Sch Health 1980;50: 133–136CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Garson, A.Health care policy for adults with congenital heart disease: The patient, the physician and society. Circulation 1992;86: 1030–1032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Reybrouck, T, Rogers, R, Weymans, M, Dumoulin, M, Vanhove, M, Daenen, W, Gewillig, M.Serial cardiorespiratory exercise testing in patients with congenital heart disease. Eur J Pediatr 1995;154: 801–806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19. Lewthwaite, R.Motivational consideration in physical activity involvement. Phys Ther 1990;70: 808–819.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Bandura, A.Self-efficacy – The Exercise of Control. WH Freeman & Company, New York, 1997.Google Scholar
21. Bandura, A.Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev 1977;84: 191–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Bandura, A.Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986.Google Scholar
23. Bandura, A.Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Dev Psychol 1989;25: 729–735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. Bandura, A.Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of personal agency. J Appl Sport Psychol 1990;2: 128–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Bandura, A.Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Org Behav Hum Dec Proc 1991;50: 248–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Freed, MD.Recreational and sports recommendations for the child with heart disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 1984;31: 1307–1320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Spurkland, I, Bjornstad, PG, Lindberg, H, Seem, E.Mental health and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with congenital heart disease: A comparison between adolescents born with severe heart defect and atrial septal defect. Acta Pediatr 1993; 82: 71–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28. Kaminer, SJ, Hixon, RL, Strong, WB.Evaluation and recommendations for participation in athletics for children with heart disease. Curr Opin Pediatr 1995;7: 595–600CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Kitchiner, D.Physical activity in patients with congenital heart disease. Heart 1996,76: 6–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30. DeMaso, DR, Campis, LK, Wypij, D, Bertran, S, Lipshiz, M, Freed M The impact of maternal perception and medical severity on the adjustment of children with congenital heart disease. J Pediatr Psychol 1991;16: 137–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31. Linde, LM, Rasof, B, Dum, OJ.Longitudinal studies in intellectual and behavioral development in children with congenital heart disease. Acta Paediatr Scand 1970;59: 169–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32. Linde, LM, Adams, FH, Rozansky, GI.Physical and emotional aspects of congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1971;27: 712–713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed