Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T21:52:13.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The nature, role and qualities of the staff-client relationship as seen through the eyes of young men in residential care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 February 2016

Ivan Raymond
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Email: ivanraymond@connectedself.com.au
Karen Heseltine
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of South Australia

Abstract

Australian residential care programs are being increasingly challenged to respond to the therapeutic needs of the young people they service. Staff-client relationships have been identified as an important factor mediating program outcomes. Owing to the paucity of guiding literature, this study sought to understand young men's perceptions of the nature, role and qualities of their relationships with youth workers. In-depth interviews were conducted with 9 young men, who averaged 15 years 9 months of age, residing in the South Australian residential care system. The collation and analysis of data was guided by grounded theory. The young men constructed their relationships with youth workers in globally positive descriptors, although the global properties of this theme are qualified on a number of levels. Distinct staff and client roles, respectively corresponding to ‘provider’ and ‘consumer’, were identified. A number of qualities associated with positive staff-client relationships were identified, with attachment theory guiding the interpretation of themes. Program, policy and research implications of the research are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

AIHW—see Australian Institute of Health and WelfareGoogle Scholar
Ainsworth, F. (2001) ‘The effectiveness of residential programs for “at risk” adolescents’, Children Australia, 26(2), 1118.Google Scholar
Ainsworth, F. (2007) ‘Residential programs for children and young people’, Children Australia, 32(1), 3236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atwool, N. (2006) ‘Attachment and resilience: Implications for children in care’, Child Care in Practice, 12, 315330.Google Scholar
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Child Protection Australia 2005-06, Child welfare series no. 40, cat. no. CWS 28, Canberra: AIHW.Google Scholar
Barber, J.G. & Delfabbro, P.H. (2004) Children in foster care, London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, D.S., Sullivan, M.W. & Lewis, M. (2005) ‘Young children's adjustment as a function of maltreatment, shame, and anger’, Child Maltreatment, 10, 311323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowlby, J. (1969/1982) Attachment and loss. Vol 1. Attachment, 2nd ed., New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Browne, C. & Winkelman, C. (2007) ‘The effect of childhood trauma on later psychological adjustment’, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22, 684697.Google Scholar
Burack, J.A., Flanagan, T., Peled, T., Sutton, H.M., Zygmuntowicz, C. & Manly, J.T. (2006) ‘Social perspective-taking skills in maltreated children and adolescents’, Developmental Psychology, 42, 207217.Google Scholar
Chop, S.M. (2003) ‘Relationship therapy with child victims of sexual abuse placed in residential care’, Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 20, 297301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delfabbro, P.H., Barber, J.G. & Bentham, Y. (2002) ‘Children's satisfaction with out-of-home care in South Australia’, Journal of Adolescence, 25, 523533.Google Scholar
Delfabbro, P. & Osborn, A. (2005) ‘Models of service for children in out-of-home care with significant emotional and behavioural difficulties’, Developing Practice, 14, Summer, 1729.Google Scholar
Delfabbro, P., Osborn, A. & Barber, J.G. (2005) ‘Beyond the continuum: New perspectives on the future of out-of-home care in Australia’, Children Australia, 30(2), 1118.Google Scholar
Dozier, M. (1988) ‘Rejected children's processing of interpersonal information’,. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 141149.Google Scholar
Elson, S.E. (1996) ‘Children's residential treatment: Last resort or treatment of choice?’, Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 14(2), 3344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feiring, C. & Taska, L.S. (2005) ‘The persistence of shame following sexual abuse: A longitudinal look at risk and recovery’, Child Maltreatment, 10, 337349.Google Scholar
Hughes, D. (2004) ‘An attachment-based treatment of maltreated children and young people’, Attachment & Human Development, 6, 263278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, D. (2006) Building the bonds of attachment: Awakening love in deeply troubled children, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Jernberg, A.M. & Booth, P.B. (2001) Theraplay: Helping parents and children build better relationships through attachment based play, 2nd ed., San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Johansson, J. & Andersson, B. (2006) ‘Living in residential care: Experiences in a treatment home for adolescents in Sweden’, Child & Youth Care Forum, 35, 305318.Google Scholar
Kools, S.M. (1997) ‘Adolescent identity development in foster care’, Family Relations, 46, 263271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leaf, S. (1995) ‘The journey from control to connection’, Journal of Child & Youth Care, 10, 1521..Google Scholar
Marvin, R., Cooper, G., Hoffman, K. & Powell, B. (2002) ‘The circle of security project: Attachment-based intervention with caregiver-pre-school child dyads’, Attachment & Human Development, 4, 107124.Google Scholar
McGue, M., Elkins, I., Walden, B. & Iacono, W.G. (2005) ‘Perceptions of the parent-adolescent relationship: A longitudinal investigation’, Developmental Psychology, 41, 971984.Google Scholar
Moses, T. (2000) ‘Attachment theory and residential treatment: A study of staff-client relationships’, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 474490.Google Scholar
Pazaratz, D. (2000) ‘Training youth workers in residential treatment’, Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 18, 3556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, B.D. (2002) ‘Childhood experience and the expression of genetic potential: What childhood neglect tells us about nature and nurture’, Brain & Mind, 3, 79100.Google Scholar
Perry, B.D., Hogan, L. & Marlin, S.J. (2000) ‘Curiosity, pleasure and play: A neurodevelopmental perspective’ [Electronic Version], retrieved 29/12/2006. http://www.childtrauma.org/ctamaterials/Curiosity.asp Google Scholar
Perry, B.L. (2006) ‘Understanding social network disruption: The case of youth in foster care’, Social Problems, 53, 371391.Google Scholar
Raymond, I. & Heseltine, K. (submitted) ‘Development of identity for male adolescents in residential care: Processes and outcomes’.Google Scholar
Sawyer, M.G., Carbone, J.A., Searle, A.K. & Robinson, P. (2007) ‘The mental health and well-being of children and adolescents in home-based foster care’, Medical Journal of Australia, 186, 181184.Google Scholar
Schofield, G. (2002) ‘The significance of a secure base: A psychosocial model of long-term foster care’, Child & Family Social Work, 7, 259272.Google Scholar
Shennum, W.A. & Carlo, P. (1995) ‘A look at residential treatment from the child's point of view’, Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 12, 3144.Google Scholar
Stuewig, J. & McCloskey, L.A. (2005) ‘The relation of child maltreatment to shame and guilt among adolescents: Psychological routes to depression and delinquency’, Child Maltreatment, 10, 324336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ungar, M. (2004) ‘The importance of parents and other caregivers to the resilience of high-risk adolescents’. Family Process, 43, 2341.Google Scholar
Vollmer, T. (2005) ‘Creating a peer-directed environment: An approach to making residential treatment a unique experience by using the power of peer groups’, Child & Youth Care Forum, 34, 175193.Google Scholar
Weitzman, J. (2005) ‘Maltreatment and trauma: Toward a comprehensive model of abused children from developmental psychology’, Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 22, 321341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, D.P. (2003) ‘Parallel dimensions in child, adolescent, and adult analytic work’, Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 20(4), 2541.Google Scholar