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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 July 2018
Traditionally, adsorption from binary solutions is determined as the difference between the adsorbate concentration in the solution before and after contacting with the solid adsorbent e.g. hexadecylpyridinium-clay. this is essentially a static method. The bulk composition can be measured by means of a differential liquid interferometer (Dékány et al., 1978b) or by gas chromatography (Nikulitchev et al., 1979). The specific excess adsorption of the mixtures, n1°, is then calculated as (Kipling, 1965):
1
where n0 is the total amount of the liquid mixture referred to unit mass of the adsorbent (mmol/g adsorbent), xl,0 is the mole fraction of the ith component before adsorption, and xi is the mole fraction of the ith component in the equilibrium homogeneous liquid phase.