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Morphological, Chemical, and Isotopic Evidence for an Early Diagenetic Evolution of Detrital Smectite in Marine Sediments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Norbert Clauer ,
James R. O'Neil ,
Chantal Bonnot-Courtois  and
Thierry Holtzapffel
Norbert Clauer
Affiliation:
Centre de Géochimie de la Surface, 67084 Strasbourg, France
James R. O'Neil
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Chantal Bonnot-Courtois
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géomorphologie, 35800 Dinard, France
Thierry Holtzapffel
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie, Université d'Angers, 49045 Angers, France
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Abstract

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Mineralogical (XRD), morphological (transmission electron microscopy), chemical (major, rare-earth elements, and scanning-transmission electron microscopy), and isotope (Sr, O, H) measurements were made of marine detrital smectite from shales to study their reactions during early diagenesis. Albian, Aptian, and Palaeogene smectite samples were selected from Deep Sea Drilling Project drill cores taken in the Atlantic Ocean and from outcrops and drill cores from Belgium and northern France. Detrital, fake-like smectite particles seem to have adapted to their depositional environment by isochemical dissolution and subsequent crystallization of authigenic, lath-like particles. The major-element and rare-earth element compositions of both types of particles are similar. The Sr isotope chemistry suggests that the dissolution-crystallization process occurred soon after deposition in an almost closed chemical system. Except for slight changes in the amount of Fe and the oxygen isotope composition, the reaction took place without noticeable chemical exchange with the interstitial or marine environment. Such closed-system recrystallization of clay minerals may be a common diagenetic process if the water/rock ratio is small, as in shales.

Résumé

Résumé

Une étude minéralogique (diffraction des rayons X), morphologique (éléments majeurs et terres rares, microsonde électronique et microscope électronique à balayage et à transmission), et isotopique (Sr, O, H) a été réalisée sur des smectites-détritiques marines d'argilites pour éxaminer leur évolution diagénétique précoce. Des échantillons albo-aptiens et paléogènes ont sélectionnés de carottes de forages DSDP de l'Océan Atlantique et d'affleurements et de carottes de sondages du nord de la France et de la Belgique.

Les particules de smectites détritiques ont une forme de flocons, et semblent s'adapter à leur environnement de dépôt par dissolution isochimique et cristallisation de lattes authigènes. Les compositions chimiques en éléments majeurs et en terres rares sont très voisines dans les deux types de particules. La géochimie isotopique du Sr suggère que le processus de dissolution-cristallisation a eu lieu rapidement après la sédimentation dans un système chimique pratiquement fermé. A part quelques modifications mineures dans les teneurs en Fe et les compositions isotopiques de l'oxygène, la réaction a eu lieu sans intervention chimique visible de l'environnement interstitiel ou marin. Un tel phénomène de recristallisation des minéraux argileux dans un système chimique clos pourrait être un mécanisme diagénétique commun quand le rapport eau/roche est faible comme c'est le cas dans les shales.

Keywords

Chemical compositionDiagenesisIsotopic compositionMorphologySmectiteTransmission electron microscopyX-ray powder diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 38 , Issue 1 , February 1990 , pp. 33 - 46
Copyright
Copyright © 1990, The Clay Minerals Society

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