Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T04:22:42.104Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rubella in the United States: toward a strategy for disease control and elimination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

K. L. Herrmann
K. L. Herrmann
Affiliation:
Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

More than 25 years have passed since the last rubella epidemic in the United States. The rubella pandemic of 1964–5 demonstrated clearly the extraordinary teratogenic potential of the rubella virus. In the United States alone, it is estimated that more than 12500000 cases of rubella occurred during the winter and spring of 1964–5. Congenital rubella infection occurred in an estimated 30000 pregnancies, 10000 resulting in fetal death or therapeutic abortion and 20000 resulting in infants born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) [1]. In contrast, during 1988, only 225 cases of rubella were reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, the lowest annual total since rubella became a nationally notifiable disease in 1966 [2]. However, in 1989, this downward trend of reported cases was interrupted, with the number of reported rubella cases in the United States increasing nearly twofold, and in 1990, the total increased another threefold (to more than 1000 cases) [3]. Although the 1990 reports represent the highest total since 1982, the overall incidence of rubella in the United States has still declined by more than 98% since 1969, the year rubella vaccine was licensed (Fig. 1).

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 107 , Issue 1 , August 1991 , pp. 55 - 61
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

References

REFERENCES

1.National Communicable Disease Center. Rubella SurveillanceReport No. 1.Atlanta, GA:Centers for Disease Control.June 1969.Google Scholar
2.CDC. Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome – United States, 1985–1988. MMWR 1989; 38: 173–8.Google Scholar
3.CDC. Increase in rubella and congenital rubella syndrome – United States, 1988–1990. MMWR 1991; 40: 93–9.Google Scholar
4.Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases.16th. Evanston.IL:American Academy of Pediatrics,1970.Google Scholar
5.ACIP. Prelicensing statement on rubella virus vaccine. MMWR 1969; 18: 124–5.Google Scholar
6.Orenstein, WA, Bart, KJ, Hinman, AR, et al. The opportunity and obligation to eliminate rubella from the United States. JAMA 1984; 215: 1988–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Balfour, HH Jr, Groth, KE, Edelman, CK. et al. Rubella viremia and antibody responses after rubella vaccination an reimmunization. Lancet 1981; 1: 1078–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.O'shea, S, Best, JM, Banatvala, JE. Viremia, virus excretion, and antibody responses after challenge in volunteers with low levels of antibody to rubella virus. J Infect Dis 1983; 148: 639–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Greaves, WL, Orenstein, WA, Hinman, AR. et al. Clinical efficacy of rubella vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis 1983; 2: 284–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Baba, K, Yabuuchi, H, Okuni, H, et al. Rubella epidemic in an institution: protective value of live rubella vaccine and serological behavior of vaccinated, revaccinated, and naturally immune groups. Biken J 1978; 21: 25–31.Google Scholar
11.CDC. Rubella prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1990; 39 (no. RR-15): 5–6.Google Scholar
12.Preblud, SR. Some issues relating to rubella vaccine. JAMA 1985; 254: 253–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Plotkin, SA, Farquhar, JD, Ogra, PL. Immunologic properties of RA 27/3 rubella virus vaccine. A comparison with strains presently licensed in the U.S. JAMA 1973; 225: 585–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Schaffner, W, Fleet, WF, Kilroy, AW, et al. Polyneuropathy following rubella immunization: a follow-up and review of the problem. Am J Dis Child 1974; 127: 684–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Tingle, AJ, Yang, T, Allen, M. et al. Prospective immunological assessment of arthritis induced by rubella vaccine. Infect Immun 1983; 40: 22–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Tingle, AJ, Allen, M, Petty, RE. Rubella-associated arthritis. I. Comparative study of joint manifestations associated with natural rubella infection and RA 27/3 rubella immunization. Ann Rheum Dis 1986; 45: 110–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.NCHS. National Health Interview Survey [machine-readable public-use data tape]. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC. 1987.Google Scholar