Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T08:19:57.069Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cannabis consumption and risk of developing schizophrenia: myth or reality?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2011

Marta Di Forti  and
Robin McGregor Murray
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorials
Information
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences , Volume 14 , Issue 4 , December 2005 , pp. 184 - 187
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

References

REFERENCES

Andrèasson, S., Allebeck, P., Engstrom, A. & Ryldberg, U. (1987). Cannabis and schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Lancet 26, 1483–1486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arsencault, L., Cannon, M. & Poulton, R (2002). Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study. British Medical Journal 325, 1212–1213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arsenault, L., Cannon, M., Witton, J. & Murray, R.M. (2004). Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence. British Journal of Psychiatry 184, 110–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashton, H. (2002). Cannabis or health? Current Opinion Psychiatry 15, 247–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Block, R.I., O'Leary, D.S., Hichwa, R.D., Augustinack, J.C., Boles Ponto, L.L., Ghoneim, M.M., Arndt, S., Hurtig, R.R., Watkins, G.L., Hall, J.A., Nathan, P.E. & Andreasen, N.C. (2002). Effects of frequent marijuana use on memory-related regional cerebral blood flow. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour 72, 237–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bunney, W.E. & Bunney, B.G. (2000). Evidence for a compromised dorsolateral prefrontal cortical parallel circuit in schizophrenia. Brain Research Reviews 31, 138–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A., Moffitt, E.T., Cannon, M., McClay, J., Murray, R., Harrington, H. L., Taylor, A., Arseneault, L., Williams, B., Braithwaite, A., Poulton, R. & Craig, I.W. (2005). Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene: Longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction. Biological Psychiatry 57, 1117–1127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Souza, D.C., Perry, E., MacDougall, L., Ammerman, Y., Cooper, T., Wu, Y.T., Braley, G., Gueorguieva, R. & Krystal, J.H. (2004). The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis. Neuropsychophannacology 29(8), 1558–1572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Egan, M.F., Goldberg, T.E., Kolachana, B.S., Callicott, J.H., Mazzianti, C.M., Straub, R.E., Goldman, D. & Weinberger, D.R. (2001) Effect of COMT val 108/158 genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98, 6917–6922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elphick, M.R. & Egertova, M. (2001). The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling. Philosophy Transaction Royal Society London 356, 381–408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fergusson, D.M. & Horwood, L.J. (2000). Does cannabis encourages other forms of illicit drug use? Addiction 95, 505–520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fergusson, D.M. (2003). Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people. Psychological Medicine 33, 15–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J. & Ridder, E.M. (2005). Tests of causal linkages between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms. Addiction, 100, 3:354–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorriti, M.A., Rodriguez de Fonseca, F., Navarro, M. & Palomo, T. (1999). Chronic (-)-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol treatment induces sensitization to the psychomotor effects of amphetamine in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 365, 133–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herkenham, M., Lynn, A.B., Johnson, M.R., Melvin, L.S., de Costa, B.R. & Rice, K.C., (1991). Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptorsin rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study. Journal of Neuroscience 11, 563–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iversen, L. (2003). Cannabis and the brain. Brain 126, 1252–1270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, C.M., Levinson, D.F., Wise, L.H., DeLisi, L.E., Straub, R.E., Hovatta, I., Williams, N.M., Schwab, S.G., Pulver, A.E., Faraone, S.V., Brzustowicz, L.M., Kaufmann, C.A., Garver, D.L., Gurling, H.M., Lindholm, E., Coon, H., Moises, H.W., Byerley, W., Shaw, S.H., Mesen, A., Sherrington, R., O'Neill, F.A., Walsh, D., Kendler, K.S., Ekelund, J, Paunio, T., Lonnqvist, J., Peltonen, L., O'Donovan, M.C., Owen, M.J., Wildenauer, D.B., Maier, W., Nestadt, G., Blouin, J.L., Antonarakis, S.E., Mowry, B.J., Silverman, J.M., Crowe, R.R., Cloninger, C.R., Tsuang, M., Malaspina, D., Harkavy-Friedman, J.M., Svrakic, D.M., Bassett, A.S., Holcomb, J., Kalsi, G., McQuillin, A., Brynjolfson, J., Sigmundsson, T., Petursson, H., Jazin, E., Zoega, T. & Helgason, T. (2003). Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Part II: Schizophrenia. American Journal of Human Genetics 73, 34–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindqvist, T., Jonsson, S.Warkentin, S. (2001). Frontal lobe dysfunction in long-term cannabis users. Neuroto.xicologv and Teratology 23, 437–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathers, D.C. & Ghosde, A.H. (1992). Cannabis and psychotic illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 161, 648–653.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, P., Lawrie, S.M., Hodges, P.R., Clafferty, R., Cosway, E.C. & Johnstone, E.C. (2001). Genetic liability, illicit drug use. life stress and psychotic symptoms: preliminary findings from the Edinburgh study of people at high risk for schizophrenia. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 36, 338–342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, R.M., Grech, A., Phillips, P. & Johnson, S. (2003). What is the relationship between substance abuse and and schizophrenia? In The Epidemiology of Schizophrenia (ed. Murray, R., Jones, P., Susser, E., Os, J. Van and Cannon, Mary), pp.317–342. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Negrete, J.C, Knapp, W.P., Douglas, D.E. & Smith, W.B. (1986). Cannabis affects the severity of schizophrenia symptoms: results of a clinical survey. Psychological Medicine 16, 515–520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rothman, K.J. & Greenland, S. (Eds) (1998). Modern Epidemiology, 2. ed. Lippincott-Raven: Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Silva, P.A. & Stanton, W.R (1996). From Child to Adult: The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Auckland: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Solowij, N., Stephens, R.S., Roffman, R.A., Babor, T., Kadden, R., Miller, M., Christiansen, K., McRee, B. & Vendetti, J. (2002). Cognitive functioning of long-term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment. Journal of American Medical Association 287, 1123–1131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanda, G., Poitieri, F.E. & Di Chiara, G. (1997). Cannabinoid and heroin activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by a common Ul opioid receptor mechanism. Science 276, 2048–2050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornicroft, G. (1990). Cannabis and psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 157, 25–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Os, J., Bak, M., Bijl, R.V., De Graaf, R. & Verdoux, H. (2002). Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study. American Journal of Epidemiology 156, 319–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verrico, C.D., Jentsch, J.D. & Roth, R.H. (2003). Persistent and anatomically selective reduction in prefrontal cortical dopamine metabolism after repeated intermittent cannabinoid administration to rats. Synapse 49, 61–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voruganti, L., Slomka, P., Zabel, P., Costa, G., So, A., Mattar, A. & Awad, A.G. (2001). Subjective effects of AMPT-induced dopamine depletion in schizophrenia: correlation between dysphoric responses and striatal D(2) binding ratios on SPECT imaging. Neuropsychophannacology 25(5), 642–650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberger, D.R., Egan, M.F., Bertolino, A., Callicott, J.H., Mattay, V.S., Lipska, B.K., Berman, K.F. & Goldberg, T.E. (2001) Prefrontal neurons and the genetics of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 50, 825–844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zammit, S., Allebeck, P., Andreasson, S., Lundberg, I. & Lewis, G. (2002). Self-reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: historical cohort study. British Medical Journal 325, 1199–1201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed