Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:00:32.124Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The epidemiology of eating disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2011

Michael King
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorials
Information
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , April 1998 , pp. 32 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abraham, S. & Mason, C. (1987). Ballet dancers and eating behaviour. In Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating (ed. Abraham, S. & Llewellyn-Jones, D.). Ashwood House: Australia.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). American Psychiatric Association: Washington DC.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. revised). American Psychiatric Association: Washington DC.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4rd ed.). American Psychiatric Association: Washington DC.Google Scholar
Andersen, A.E. & Di Domenico, L. (1992). Diet vs shape content of popular male and female magazines: a dose-response relationship to the incidence of eating disorders? International Journal of Eating Disorders 11, 283–287.3.0.CO;2-O>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhadrinath, B.R. (1990). Anorexia nervosa in adolescents of Asian extraction. British Journal of Psychiatry 156, 565–568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhugra, D. & King, M.B. (1988). Bulimia nervosa among Asian schoolgirls. British Medical Journal 2297, 1198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blouin, A.G. & Goldfield, G.S. (1995). Body image and steroid use in male bodybuilders. International Journal of Eating Disorders 18, 159–165.3.0.CO;2-3>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brand, P.A., Rothblum, E.D. & Solomon, L.J. (1992). A comparison of lesbians, gay men and heterosexuals on weight and restrained eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders 11, 253–259.3.0.CO;2-J>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhrich, N. (1981). Frequency of presentation of anorexia nervosa in Malaysia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 15, 153–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bushnell, J.A., Wells, E., Hornblow, A.R., Oakley-Browne, M.A. & Joyce, P. (1990). Prevalence of three bulimic syndromes in the general population. Psychological Medicine 20, 671–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlat, D.J. & Camargo, C.A. (1991). Review of bulimia nervosa in males. American Journal of Psychiatry 148, 831–843.Google ScholarPubMed
Carlat, D.J., Camargo, C.A. & Herzog, D.B. (1997). Eating disorders in males: a report on 135 patients.Google Scholar
Choudry, I.Y. & Mumford, D.B. (1992). A pilot study of eating disorders in Mirpur (Pakistan) using an Urdu version of the Eating Attitudes Test. International Journal of Eating Disorders 11, 243–251.3.0.CO;2-P>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clinton, D.N. & McKinlay, W.W. (1986) Attitudes to food, eating and weight in acutely ill and recovered anoretics. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 25, 61–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collings, S. & King, M. (1994). Ten-year follow-up of 50 patients with bulimia nervosa. British Journal of Psychiatry 164, 80–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crago, M., Yates, A., Beutler, L.E. & Arizmendi, T.G. (1985). Height-weight ratios among female athletes: are collegiate athletics the precursors to an anorexic syndrome. International Journal of Eating Disorders 4, 79–87.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisp, A.H., Burns, T. & Bhat, A.V. (1986). Primary anorexia nervosa in the male and female: a comparison of clinical features and prognosis. British Journal of Medical Psychology 59, 123–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Di Nicola, V. (1990). Anorexia multiforme: self starvation in historical and cultural context. Part II: anorexia nervosa as a culture reactive syndrome. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review 27, 4.Google Scholar
Dolan, B., Lacey, J.H. & Evans, C. (1990). Eating behaviour and attitudes to weight and shape in British women from three ethnic groups. British Journal of Psychiatry 157, 523–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elsarrag, M.E. (1968). Psychiatry in the Northern Sudan: a study in comparative psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry 114, 945–948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmons, L. (1992). Dieting and purging behaviour in black and white high school students. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 92, 306–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enns, M.P., Drewnowski, A. & Grinker, J.A. (1987). Body composition, body size estimation and attitudes towards eating in male college athletes. Psychosomatic Medicine 49, 56–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairburn, C.G., Welch, S.L., Norman, P.A., O'Connor, M.E. & Doll, H.A. (1996). Bias and bulimia nervosa: how typical are clinic cases? American Journal of Psychiatry 153, 386–391.Google ScholarPubMed
Farrow, J.A. (1992). The adolescent male with an eating disorder. Pediatric Annals 21, 769–774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fichter, M.M. & Daser, C. (1987). Symptomatology, psychosexual development and gender identity in 42 anorexic males. Psychological Medicine 17, 409–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fombonne, E. (1995). Anorexia nervosa. No evidence of an increase. British Journal of Psychiatry 166, 462–471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
French, S.A., Story, M., Remafedi, G., Resnick, M.D., Blum, R.W. (1996). Sexual orientation and prevalence of body dissatisfaction and eating disordered behaviours: a population-based study of adolescents. International Journal of Eating Disorders 19, 119–126.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garfmkel, P. & Garner, D. (1982). Anorexia Nervosa: A Multidimensional Perspective. Brunner/Mazel: New York.Google Scholar
Garner, D.M. & Garfmkel, P.E. (1979). The Eating Attitudes Test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine 9, 273–279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garner, D.M. & Garfmkel, P.E. (1980). Socio-cultural factors in the development of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine 10, 647–656.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garner, D.M., Olmsted, M.P., Bohr, Y. & Garfmkel, P.E. (1982). The Eating Attitudes Test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine 12, 871–878.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
German, G.A. (1972). Aspects of clinical psychiatry in Sub-Saharan Africa. British Journal of Psychiatry 121, 461–479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J.J., Ford, K. & Kelly, L.M. (1987). The prevalence of bulimia in a black college population. International Journal of Eating Disorders 6, 733–740.3.0.CO;2-U>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, A. & Hay, P.J. (1991). Eating disorder patient referrals from a population region 1977-1986. Psychological Medicine 21, 697–701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, A., Delahunt, J.W. & Ellis, P.M. (1985). Anorexia nervosa in the male: clinical features and follow-up of nine patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research 19, 315–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halmi, K.A., Falk, J.R. & Schwartz, E. (1981). Binge-eating and vomiting: a survey of a college population. Psychological Medicine 11, 697–706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heffernan, K. (1996). Eating disorders and weight concern among lesbians. International Journal of Eating Disorders 19, 127–138.3.0.CO;2-P>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herzog, D.B., Norman, D.K., Gordon, C. & Pepose, M. (1984). Sexual conflict and eating disorders in 27 males. American Journal of Psychiatry 141, 989–990.Google ScholarPubMed
Herzog, D.B., Bardburn, I.S. & Newman, K. (1990). Sexuality in males with eating disorders. In Males with Eating Disorders (ed. Andersen, A.E.), pp 40–53. Brunner/Mazel: New York.Google Scholar
Herzog, D.B., Newman, K.L., Yeh, C.J. & Warshaw, M. (1992). Body image satisfaction in homosexual and heterosexual women. International Journal of Eating Disorders 11, 391–396.3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herzog, W., Deter, H-C., Fiehn, W. & Petzold, E. (1997). Medical findings and predictors of long-term physical outcome in anorexia nervosa: a prospective, 12-year follow-up study. Psychological Medicine 27, 269–279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holland, A.J., Sicotte, N. & Treasure, J. (1988). Anorexia nervosa: evidence for a genetic basis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 32, 561–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hsu, L.G.K. (1980). Outcome of anorexia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 1041–1046.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson-Sabine, E., Wood, K., Patton, G., Mann, A. & Wakeling, A. (1988). Abnormal eating attitudes in London schoolgirls a prospective epidemiological study: factors associated with abnormal response on screening questionnaires. Psychological Medicine 18, 615–622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keel, P.K. & Mitchell, J.E. (1997). Outcome in bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry 154, 313–321.Google ScholarPubMed
Kendler, K.S, MacLean, C., Neale, M., Kessler, R., Heath, A. & Eaves, L. (1991). The genetic epidemiology of bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry 148, 1627–1637.Google ScholarPubMed
King, M.B. (1986) Eating disorders in general practice. British Medical Journal, 293 1412–1414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, M.B. (1989). Eating disorders in a general practice population. Prevalence, characteristics and follow-up at 12 to 18 months. Psychological Medicine, suppl. 14.Google Scholar
King, M.B. (1991). The natural history of eating pathology in attenders to primary medical care. International Journal of Eating Disorders 10, 379–387.3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, M.B. & Bhugra, D. (1989). Eating disorders: lessons from a cross-cultural study. Psychological Medicine 19, 955–958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, M.B. & Mezey, G. (1987). Eating behaviour of male racing jockeys. Psychological Medicine 17, 249–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lacey, J.H. & Dolan, B.M. (1988). Bulimia in British blacks and Asians. A catchment area study. British Journal of Psychiatry 152, 73–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, A.M. & Lee, S. (1996). Disordered eating and its psychosocial correlates among Chinese adolescent females in Hong Kong. International Journal of Eating Disorders 20, 177–183.3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, S. (1991). Anorexia nervosa in Hong Kong: a Chinese perspective. Psychological Medicine 21, 703–711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S., Ho, T.P. & Hsu, L.K.G. (1993). Fat phobic and non-fat phobic anorexia nervosa: a comparative study of 70 Chinese patients in Hong Kong. Psychological Medicine 23, 999–1017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loudon, I. (1984). The disease called chlorosis. Psychological Medicine 14, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucas, A.R., Beard, C.M., O'Fallon, W.N. & Kurland, L.T. (1988). Anorexia nervosa in Rochester, Minnesota. A 48-year study. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 63, 433–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, A.R., Beard, C.M., O'Fallon, W.N. & Kurland, L.T. (1991).50-year trends in the incidence of anorexia nervosa in Rochester, Minn.: a population-based study. American Journal of Psychiatry 148, 917–922.Google ScholarPubMed
Morton, R. (1694). Phthisiologia: or a Treatise of Consumptions Princess Arms Press: London.Google Scholar
Mumford, D.B. & Whitehouse, A.M. (1988a). Increased prevalence of bulimia nervosa among Asian schoolgirls. British Medical Journal 297, 718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mumford, D.B. & Whitehouse, A.M. (1988b) Bulimia nervosa among Asian schoolgirls. British Medical Journal 297, 1404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mumford, D.B., Whitehouse, A.M. & Platts, M. (1991). Sociocultural correlates of eating disorders among Asian schoolgirls in Bradford. British Journal of Psychiatry 158, 222–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murnen, S.K. & Smolak, L. (1997). Femininity, masculinity and disordered eating: a meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders 22, 231–242.3.0.CO;2-O>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nadaoka, T., Oiji, A., Takahashi, S., Morioka, Y., Kashiwakura, M. & Totsuka, S. (1996). An epidemiological study of eating disorders in a northern area of Japan. Ada Psychiatrica Scandinavica 93, 305–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasser, M. (1986). Comparative study of the prevalence of abnormal eating attitudes among Arab female students of both London and Cairo universities. Psychological Medicine 16, 621–625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nasser, M. (1997). Culture and Weight Consciousness. Routledge: London.Google Scholar
Nevo, S. (1985). Bulimic symptoms: prevalence and ethnic differences among college women. International Journal of Eating Disorders 4, 151–168.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okasha, A., Kamel, M., Sadek, A., Lotaif, F. & Bishry, Z. (1977). Psychiatric morbidity among university students in Egypt. British Journal of Psychiatry 131, 149–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oyewumi, L.K. & Kazarian, S.S. (1992a). Abnormal eating attitudes among a group of Nigerian youths: I bulimic behaviour. East African Medical Journal 69, 663–666.Google ScholarPubMed
Oyewumi, L.K. & Kazarian, S.S. (1992b). Abnormal eating attitudes among a group of Nigerian youths II: Anorexic behaviour. East African Medical Journal 69, 667–669.Google ScholarPubMed
Pasberg, A.K. & Wang, A.R. (1994). Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in Bornholm County. Ada Psychiatrica Scandinavica 90, 259–265.Google Scholar
Patton, G.C. (1988). Mortality in eating disorders. Psychological Medicine 18, 947–951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patton, G.C. & King, M.B. (1991). Epidemiological study of eating disorders: time for a change of emphasis. Psychological Medicine 21, 287–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pope, H.G., Hudson, J.I. & Jonas, J.M. (1986). Bulimia in men: a series of fifteen cases. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 174, 117–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rathner, G. & Messner, K. (1993). Detection of eating disorders in a small rural town: an epidemiological study. Psychological Medicine 23, 175–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rathner, G., Tiiry, F., Szabo, P., Geyer, M., Rumpold, G., Forgacs, A., Sollner, W. & Plottner, G. (1995). Prevalence of eating disorders and minor psychiatric morbidity in Central Europe before the political changes in 1989: a cross-cultural study. Psychological Medicine 25, 1027–1035.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ratnasuryia, R.H., Eisler, I., Szmukler, G.I. & Russell, G.F.M. (1991). Anorexia nervosa: outcome and prognostic factors after 20 years. British Journal of Psychiatry 158, 495–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reiss, D. (1996). Abnormal eating attitudes and behaviours in two ethnic groups from a female British urban population. Psychological Medicine 26, 289–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, P. & Andersen, A. (1985). Anorexia nervosa in American blacks Journal of Psychiatric Research 19, 183–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, P.H. & Holden, N.L. (1986). Bulimia nervosa in the male: a report of nine cases. Psychological Medicine 16, 795–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, G.F.M. (1970). Anorexia nervosa: its identity as an illness and its treatment. In Moderns Trends in Psychological Medicine (ed. Price, J.H.), pp 131–164. Butterworths: London.Google Scholar
Russell, G.F.M. (1979) Bulimia nervosa: an ominous variant of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine 1979;9, 429–448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, G.F.M. (1985). The changing nature of anorexia nervosa: an introduction to the conference. Journal of Psychiatric Research 19, 101–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santonastaso, P., Zanetti, T., Sala, A., Favaretto, G., Vidotto, G. & Favaro, A. (1996). Prevalence of eating disorders in Italy: a survey on a sample of 16-year-old female students. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 65, 158–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, J.A. & Agras, W.S. (1987). Bulimia in males: a matched comparison with females. International Journal of Eating Disorders 6, 235–242.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schotte, D.E. & Stunkard, A.J. (1987). Bulimia vs bulimic behaviours on a college campus. Journal of the American Medical Association 9, 1213–1215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selvini-Palazzoli, M.P. (1978). Self-Starvation from Individual to Family Therapy in the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa 2nd ed.Jason Aronson: New York.Google Scholar
Silberstein, L.R., Mishkind, M.E., Striegel-Moore, R.H., (1989). Men and their bodies: a comparison of homosexual and heterosexual men. Psychosomatic Medicine 51, 337–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Striegel-Moore, R.H., Tucker, N. & Hsu, J. (1990). Body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating in lesbian college students. International Journal of Eating Disorders 9, 493–500.3.0.CO;2-C>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szmukler, G., McCance, C., McCrone, L. & Hunter, D. (1986). Anorexia nervosa: a psychiatric case register study from Aberdeen. Psychological Medicine 16, 49–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Theander, S. (1970). Anorexia Nervosa: a Psychiatric Investigation of 94 Female Patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Monograph supplement No. 214, pp. 7–194.Google Scholar
Thomas, J.P. & Szmukler, G.I. (1985). Anorexia nervosa in patients of Afro-Caribbean extraction. British Journal of Psychiatry 146, 653–656.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turnbull, J.D., Freeman, C.P.L., Barry, F. & Annandale, A. (1987). Physical and psychological characteristics of five male bulimics. British Journal of Psychiatry 150, 25–29.Google ScholarPubMed
Willi, J. & Grossmann, S. (1983). Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa in a defined region of Switzerland. American Journal of Psychiatry 140, 564–567.Google Scholar
Willi, J., Limacher, B., Grossmann, S. & Giacometti, G. (1988). Langzeitstudie zur Incidenz der Anorexia Nervosa. Nervenarzt 60, 349–354.Google Scholar
Williams, P. & King, M.B. (1987). The epidemic of anorexia nervosa: another medical myth? Lancet i, 205–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yager, J., Landsverk, J. & Edelstein, C.K. (1987). A 20-month follow-up study of 628 women with eating disorders, I: Course and severity. Psychological Medicine 144, 1172–1177.Google ScholarPubMed
Yager, J., Kurtzman, F., Landsverk, J. & Wiesmeier, E. (1988). Behaviours and attitudes related to eating disorders in homosexual male college students. American Journal of Psychiatry 145, 495–497.Google ScholarPubMed
Yates, A., Leehey, K. & Shisslack, C. (1983). Running — an analogue of anorexia? New England Journal of Medicine 308, 251–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed