Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:56:53.145Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Post traumatic stress disorder: will the future be different from the past?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2011

Alexander McFarlane  and
Giovanni De Girolamo
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorials
Information
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , April 1998 , pp. 1 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

References

BIBLIOGRAFIA

American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). American Psychiatric Press: Washington DC.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. revised). American Psychiatric Press: Washington DC.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). American Psychiatric Press: Washington DC.Google Scholar
Atchinson, M. & McFarlane, A.C. (1994). A review of dissociation and dissociative disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, 591–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, A.S. (1993). The longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder. In Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: DSM-IV and Beyond (ed. Davidson, J.R.T. and Foa, E.). American Psychiatric Association Press: Washington DC.Google Scholar
Bremner, J.D. & Brett, E. (1997). Trauma-related dissociative states and long-term psychopathology in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress 10, 37–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breslau, N., Davis, G.C., Andreski, P. & Peterson, E. (1991). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry 48, 216–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breslau, N., Davis, G.C. & Andreski, P. (1995). Risk factors for PTSD-related traumatic events: A prospective analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry 152, 529–535Google ScholarPubMed
Davidson, J.R.T., Hughes, D., Blazer, D. & George, L.K. (1991). Post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: An epidemiological study. Psychological Medicine 21, 713–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Girolamo, G. (1993). International perspectives in the treatment and prevention of post-traumatic stress disorders. In International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes (ed. Wilson, J. and Raphael, B.), pp. 935–946. Plenum: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Girolamo, G. & Marchiori, E. (1995). Traumi e vittime: epidemiologia dei disturbi post-traumatici da stress. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 4, 110–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Girolamo, G. & McFarlane, A. (1996a). The epidemiology of PTSD: A comprehensive review of the international literature. In Ethnocultural Aspects of Post-Traumatic Stress and Related Stress Disorders (ed. Marsella, A., Friedman, M., Gerrity, E.T. and Scurfield, R.M.), pp. 33–86. American Psychological Association: Washington.Google Scholar
de Girolamo, G. & McFarlane, A.C. (1996b). Epidemiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among victims of intentional violence: a review of the literature. In International Review of Psychiatry, Vol 2 (ed. Mak, F.Lie and Nadelson, C.C.), pp. 93–120. American Psychiatric Press: Washington DC.Google Scholar
Eriksson, N.G. & Lundin, T. (1996). Early traumatic stress reactions among Swedish survivors of the Estonia disaster. British Journal of Psychiatry 169, 713–716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foa, E.B. (1997). Psychological processes related to recovery from a trauma and an effective treatment for PTSD. In Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 281 (ed. Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C.), pp. 410–424. New York Academy of Sciences: New York.Google Scholar
Gibbs, M.S. (1989). Factors in the victim that mediate between disaster and psychopathology: a review. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2, 489–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, B.L. (1991). Evaluating the effects of disasters. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology 3, 538–546.Google Scholar
Green, B.L. (1993). Identifying survivors at risk. Trauma and stressors across events. In International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes (ed. Wilson, J. and Raphael, B.), pp. 135–144. Plenum: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, B.L. (1996). Traumatic stress and disaster: mental health effects and factors influencing adaptation. In International Review of Psychiatry, Vol. 2 (ed. Mak, F. Lie and Nadelson, C.C.), pp. 177–210. American Psychiatric Press: Washington DC.Google Scholar
Herman, J. (1992). Trauma and Recovery. Basic Books: New York.Google Scholar
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1993). World Disasters Report 1993. Martinus Nijhoff: Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Jordan, B.K., Schlenger, W.E., Fairbank, J.A. & Caddell, J.M. (1996). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated women: Il. Convicted felons entering prison. Archives of General Psychiatry 53, 513–519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kardiner, A. (1941). The Traumatic Neuroses of War. Hoeber: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kessler, R.C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M. & Nelson, C.B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 52, 1048–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuhn, T.S. (1969). La Struttura delle Rivoluzioni Scientifiche. Einaudi: Torino.Google Scholar
Malt, U.S., Karlehagen, H., Hoff, U., Herrstromer, K., Hildingson, K., Tibell, E. & Leymann, H. (1993). The effect of major railway accidents on the psychological health of train drivers. I. Acute psychological responses to accident. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 37, 793–805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marmar, C.R., Weiss, D.S., Schlenger, W.E., Fairbank, J.A., Jordan, B.K. & Kulka, R. & Hough, R.L. (1994). Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress in male Vietnam theater veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry 151, 902–907Google ScholarPubMed
McEwan, B.A. & Magarinos, A.M. (1997). Stress effects on morphology and function of the hyppocampus. In Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 281 (ed. Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C.), pp. 271–284. New York Academy of Sciences: New York.Google Scholar
McFarlane, A.C. (1989a). The aetiology of post-traumatic morbidity: Predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors. British Journal of Psychiatry 154, 221–228CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McFarlane, A.C. (1989b). The treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Medical Psychology 62, 81–90CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McFarlane, A.C. (1992). Avoidance and intrusion in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 180, 439–445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McFarlane, A.C. (1993). Post traumatic stress disorder: Issues for general psychiatry. In Environmental Factors in Psychiatry. Geigy Psychiatric Symposium, 1992, Vol 14 (ed. Schrader, G.), pp. 15–21. Ciba Geigy Australia Ltd: Pendale Hill.Google Scholar
McFarlane, A.C. (1995). PTSD in the medico-legal setting: Current status and ongoing controversies. Psychiatry Psychology and Law 2, 25–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFarlane, A.C. (1997). The prevalence and longitudinal course of PTSD: Implications of the neurobiological models of PTSD. In Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 281 (ed. Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C.), pp. 10–23. New York Academy of Sciences: New York.Google Scholar
McFarlane, A.C. & de Girolamo, G. (1996). Stressor criterion and the epidemiology of trauma. In Traumatic Stress. The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body and Society (ed. Kolk, B.A. Van der, McFarlane, A.C. and Weisaeth, L.), pp. 129–154. Guilford Press: New York.Google Scholar
McFarlane, A.C. & Papay, P. (1992). Multiple diagnoses in posttraumatic stress disorder in the victims of a natural disaster. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 180, 498–504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McFarlane, A.C., Atchison, M. & Yehuda, R. (1997). The acute stress response following motor vehicle accidents and its relation to PTSD. In Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 281 (ed. Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C.), pp. 437–441. New York Academy of Sciences: New York.Google Scholar
Norris, F.H. (1992). Epidemiology of trauma: Frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 60, 409–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
North, C.S. & Smith, E.M (1992). Posttraumatic stress disorder among homeless men and women. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 43, 1010–1016.Google ScholarPubMed
Pitman, R.K. (1997). Overview of biological themes in PTSD. In Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 281 (ed. Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C.), pp. 1–9. New York Academy of Sciences: New York.Google Scholar
Post, R.M., Weiss, S.R.B., Smith, M., Li, H. & McCann, U. (1997). Kindling verses Quenching. Implications for the evolution of treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 281 (ed. Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C.), pp. 285–295. New York Academy of Sciences: New York.Google Scholar
Pynoos, R.S., Steinberg, A.M., Ornitz, E.M. & Goenjian, A.K. (1997). Issues in the developmental neurobiology of traumatic stress. In Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 281 (ed.Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C.), pp. 176–193. New York Academy of Sciences: New York.Google Scholar
Raeside, C.W.J. (1994). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Female Prison Population. Dissertation. Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists.Google Scholar
Rauch, S.L. & Shin, L.M. (1997). Functional neuroimaging studies in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 281 (ed. Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C.), pp. 83–98. New York Academy of Sciences: New York.Google Scholar
Seguin, E.C. (1890). Traumatic neuroses. In Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences: A Yearly Report of the Progress of the General Sanitary Sciences throughout the World(ed. Sajous, C.E.). Davis Publisher: Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Shalev, A.Y., Peri, T., Canetti, L. & Schreiber, S. (1996). Predictors of PTSD in injured trauma survivors: A prospective study. American Journal of Psychiatry 153, 219–225.Google ScholarPubMed
Spurrell, M.T. & McFarlane, A.C. (1995). Life-events and psychiatric symptoms in a general psychiatry clinic: The role of intrusion and avoidance. British Journal of Medical Psychology 68, 333–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Kolk, B.A. (1996). The complexity of adaptation to trauma: self-regulation, stimulus discrimination, and characterological development. In Traumatic Stress: the Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body and Society (ed. Kolk, B.A. Van der, McFarlane, A.C. and Weisaeth, L.), pp. 182–213. Guilford Press: New York.Google Scholar
Van der Kolk, B.A. & McFarlane, A.C. (1996). The black hole of trauma. In Traumatic Stress. The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body and Society (ed. Kolk, B.A. Van der, McFarlane, A.C. and Weisaeth, L.), pp. 3–23. Guil-ford Press: New York.Google Scholar
Van der Kolk, B.A., Pelcovitz, D., Roth, S., Mandel, F.S., McFarlane, A. & Herman, J.L. (1996). Dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation: The complexity of adaptation to trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry 153, 83–93.Google ScholarPubMed
Weisaeth, L. (1989). A study of behavioural responses to an industrial disaster. Ada Psychiatrica Scandinavia 80, Supplementum 355, pp. 13–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization (1991). Psychosocial Consequences of Disasters. Prevention and Management. WHO/MNH/PSF/91.3. WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1992). The ICD-10. Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar
Yehuda, R. & McFarlane, A.C. (1995). Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis. American Journal of Psychiatry 152, 1705–1713.Google ScholarPubMed
Yehuda, R. & McFarlane, A.C. (1997). Introduction. In Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 281 (Yehuda, R. and McFarlane, A.C.), pp. xi–xv. New York Academy of Sciences: New York.Google Scholar
Yehuda, R. & Sapolsky, R.M. (1997). Stress and glucocorticoid. Science 275, 1662–1663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed