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Having or Doing Intellectual Property Rights? Transgenic Seed on the Edge between Refeudalisation and Napsterisation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2011

Johannes Schubert ,
Stefan Böschen  and
Bernhard Gill
Johannes Schubert
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Munich University, Munich [johannes.schubert@soziologie.uni-muenchen.de].
Stefan Böschen
Affiliation:
Wissenschaftszentrum Umwelt, Augsburg [stefan.boeschen@phil.uni-augsburg.de].
Bernhard Gill
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Munich University, Munich [bernhard.gill@lmu.de].
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Abstract

In contrast to neoliberal rhetoric, the commercialisation of knowledge has proved to be an intricate endeavour that implies unexpected effects. Taking Monsanto’s transgenic canola and its propertisation regime as an example, we will shed some light on the counterintuitive phenomenon that strong intellectual property rights are in heavy contrast to the liberal utopia of full commodification, i.e. universal competition and ideal type market relationships. We will find that Monsanto, in order to avoid Napsterisation, has established and still maintains a rather repressive commercialisation regime that maximises property control by strongly reducing the exchangeability of seed and crops. It can therefore be interpreted as a new form of landlord dominion which contradicts the modernist idea of concordance between market liberalisation and individual emancipation.

Résumé

En contradiction avec la théorie néolibérale, la marchandisation de la connaissance se révèle être une affaire complexe avec des effets inattendus. En prenant l’exemple de Monsanto gérant la propriété de la canola transgénique, on entend porter au clair un phénomène contre-intuitif, à savoir que des droits de propriété intellectuelle bien gardés sont loin de l’utopie libérale d’une concurrence libre et non faussée. Il est montré que Monsanto a établi et maintient, pour éviter la napsterisation, un mode de commercialisation qui maximise son contrôle et limite très fortement l’échange de semences et de plants. On peut y voir une forme nouvelle de domination seigneuriale qui invalide l’idée moderniste d’une harmonie entre marché libre et émancipation de l’individu.

Zusammenfassung

Die Wissensvermarktung gestaltet sich schließlich komplizierter als gedacht, mit unerwartetenden Auswirkungen und dem Neoliberalismus widersprechend. Als Beispiel sei hier Monsanto zitiert, Verwalter transgenetischer Rapssamen (canola plant), anhand dessen ein kontraintuitives Phänomen verdeutlicht werden kann: Lizensen vertragen sich kaum mit der liberalen Utopie einer freien und unverfälschten Konkurrenz. Um die Napsterisierung zu verhindern, hat Monsanto bekannterweise eine Vermarktungstechnik aufgebaut und bis heute praktiziert, die die Kontrolle verstärkt und den Austausch von Samengut und Pflanzen begrenzt. Es handelt sich hier um eine neue Form herrschaftlicher Vormachtstellung, die die moderne Idee einer Harmonie zwischen freier Marktwirtschaft und individueller Emanzipation widerlegt.

Keywords

Intellectual property rightsKnowledge capitalismGenetic engineeringCommercialisation; Modernisation theoryDroit de propriété intellectuelleCapitalisme de la connaissanceSemence transgéniqueMarchandisationThéorie de la modernité.PatentwesenWissenskapitalismusTransgenetisches SaatgutVermarktungModernitätstheorie.
Type
Research Articles
Information
European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie , Volume 52 , Issue 1 , April 2011 , pp. 1 - 17
Copyright
Copyright © A.E.S. 2011

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