No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Rasgos de la personalidad en la fobia social
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
El propósito era evaluar los rasgos de la personalidad en sujetos con un diagnóstico del DSM-IV de fobia social. Se administró a 32 sujetos la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para el DSM-IV para los trastornos de los Ejes I y II (SCID I y II). Los rasgos de la personalidad se evaluaron por medio de las Escalas Karolinska de la Personalidad (KSP). Se diagnosticó comorbilidad actual y vital del Eje I en el 28% y el 53% de los sujetos, respectivamente. En total, el 59% tuvo al menos un trastorno de la personalidad y se diagnosticó trastorno de la personalidad por evitación al 47%. Las personas con fobia social puntuaron significativamente más alto que una muestra normativa sueca en las KSP que medían propensión a la ansiedad, irritabilidad, despego y agresión indirecta, pero más bajo en las escalas para socialización y deseabilidad social. La presencia de trastorno de la personalidad por evitación en las personas con fobia social, comparado con su ausencia, se asociaba significativamente con ansiedad psíquica más alta e inhibición de la agresión. Además, la gravedad de los síntomas era mayor en las personas con fobia social y trastorno de la personalidad por evitación. En general, los resultados apoyan la idea de que la fobia social y el trastorno de la personalidad por evitación reflejan aspectos diferentes de un espectro de ansiedad social.
- Type
- Artículo original
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2001
References
Bibliografía
Alnaes, R, Torgersen, SThe relationship between DSM-III symptom disorders (Axis I) and personality disorders (Axis II) in an outpatient population. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998; 78: 485–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alpert, JE, Uebelacker, LA, McLean, NE, Nierenberg, AA, Pava, JA, Worthington, J 3rd, et al. Social phobia, avoidant personality disorder and atypical depression: co-occurrence and clinical implications. Psychol Med 1997; 27: 627–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American, Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed., revised. Washington, DC: APA; 1987.Google Scholar
American, Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed, revised. Washington, DC: APA; 1994.Google Scholar
Barlow, DH, DiNardo, PA, Vermilyea, BB, Vermilyea, J, Blanchard, EBCo-morbidity and depression among the anxiety disorders. Issues in diagnosis an classification. J Nerv Ment Dis 1986; 174: 63–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, AT, Ward, CH, Mendelson, M, Mock, J, Erbaugh, JAn inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bejerot, S, Ekselius, L, von, Knotting LComorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and personality disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998; 97: 398–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bodlund, O, Kullgren, G, Ekselius, L, Lindstrom, E, von, Knorring LAxis V-Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Evaluation of a self-report versión. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 90: 342–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, EJ, Heimberg, RG, Juster, HRSocial phobia subty pe and avoidant personality disorder: effect on severity of social phobia, impairment, and outcome of cognitive behavioral treatment. Adv Behav Ther 1995; 20: 467–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, TF, Manuzza, SEpidemiology and family studies of social phobia. In: Heimberg, RG, Liebowitz, MR, Hope, DA, Schneier, FR Eds. Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment and treatment. New York: The Guildford Press; 1995, p. 21–41.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S, Sunitha, TA, Velayudhan, A, Khanna, SAn investigation into the psychobiology of social phobia: personality domains and serotonergic function. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 95: 544–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cloninger, CR, Svrakic, DM, Przybeck, TRA psychobiolo-gical model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50: 975–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coccaro, EF, Kavoussi, RJFluoxetine and impulsive aggressive behavior in personality-disordered subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54: 1081–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, JR, Hughes, DC, George, LKBlazer DG The boundary of social phobia Exploring the threshold. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 975–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekselius, LChanges in personality traits during treatment with sertraline or citalopram. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174: 444–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fahlen, TPersonality traits in social phobia, I: Comparisons with healthy controls. J Clin Psychiatry 1995; 56: 560–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Fava, M, Rosenbaum, JF, Pava, JA, McCarthy, MK, Steingard, RJ, Bouffides, EAnger attacks in unipolar depression, Part 1: Clinical correlates and response to fluoxetine treatment [comments]. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 1158–63.Google Scholar
Furmark, T, Tillfors, M, Everz, PO, Marteinsdottir, I, Fredrikson, MSocial phobia in the general population: prevalence and sociodemographic profile. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1999; 34: 416–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
First, MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Williams, JB, Benjamín, LThe Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1994.Google Scholar
First, MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Williams, JB, Benjamín, LThe Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis II disorders (SCID-II). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1994.Google Scholar
Gelemter, CS, Stein, MB, Tancer, ME, Uhde, TWAn examination of syndromal validity and diagnostic subtypes in social phobia and panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1992; 53: 23–7.Google Scholar
Gustavsson, JP, Weinryb, RM, Góransson, S, Peredsen, NL, Ásberg, MStability and predictive ability of personality traits across 9 years. Pers Indiv Diff 1997; 22: 783–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heimberg, RGSpecific issues in the cognitive-behavioral treatment of social phobia. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54: 36–45.Google ScholarPubMed
Heimberg, RG, Liebowitz, MRIssues in the design of trials for the evaluation of psychosocial treatments for social phobia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 3: 55–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herben, JD, Hope, DA, Bellack, ASValidity of the distinctión between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder [comments]. J Abnorm Psychol 1992; 101: 332–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt, CS, Heimberg, RG, Hope, DAAvoidant personality disorder and the generalized subtype of social phobia [comments], J Abnorm Psychol 1992; 101: 318–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, MR, Lydiard, RBPersonality disorders in social phobia. Psychiatr Ann 1995; 25: 554–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendler, KS, Karkowski, LM, Prescott, CAFears and phobias: reliability and heritability. Psychol Med 1999; 29: 539–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lecrubier, YComorbidity in social anxiety disorder: impact on disease burden and management. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 17: 33–8.Google Scholar
Lecrubier, Y, Wittchen, HU, Faravelli, C, Bobes, J, Patel, A, Knapp, MA European perspective on social anxiety disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2000; 15: 5–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mattick, RP, Clark, JCDevelopment and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behav Res Ther 1998; 36: 455–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montejo, J, Liebowitz, MRSocial phobia: anxiety disorder comorbidity. Bull Menninger Clin 1994; 58 (2 Suppl A): 21–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Moutier, CY, Stein, MBThe history, epidemiology, an differential diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 9: 4–8.Google Scholar
Nutt, DJ, Forshall, S, Bell, C, Rich, A, Sandford, J, Nash, Jet al. Mechanisms of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1999; 9: S81–S6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perry, JCProblems and considerations in the valid assessment of personality disorders [comments]. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 1645–53.Google Scholar
Persson, G, Nordlund, CLAgoraphobics and social pho-bics: differences in background factors, syndrome profiles and therapeutic response. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1985; 71: 148–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reich, JHInstruments measuring DSM-III and DSM-III-R personality disorders. J Pers Disord 1987; 1: 220–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reich, JThe relationship of social phobia to avoidant personality disorder: a proposal to reclassify avoidant personality disorder based on clinical empirical findings. Eur Psychiatry 2000; 15: 151–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Safren, SA, Heimberg, RG, Brown, EJ, Hollé, CQuality of life in social phobia. Depress Anxiety 1996; 4: 126–33.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanderson, WC, Wetzler, S, Beck, AT, Betz, FPrevalence of personality disorders among patients with anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Res 1994; 51: 167–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schalling, D, Ásberg, M, Edman, G, Oreland, LMarkers for vulnerability to psychopathology: temperament traits associated with platelet MAO activity 1987; 76: 172–82.Google ScholarPubMed
Schneier, FR, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Fyer, AJ, Liebowitz, MRThe relationship of social phoia subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. Compr Psychiatry 1991; 32: 496–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneier, FR, Johnson, J, Hornig, CD, Liebowitz, MR, Weissman, MMSocial phobia. Comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 282–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Schneier, FR, Heckelman, LR, Garfinkel, R, Campeas, R, Fallón, BA, Gitow, Aet al. Functional impairment in social phobia. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55: 322–31.Google ScholarPubMed
Stein, MB, Walker, JR, Forde, DRPublic-speaking fears in a community sample. Prevalence, impact on functioning, and diagnostic classification. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53: 169–74.Google Scholar
Stein, MB, Liebowitz, MR, Lydiard, RB, Pitts, CD, Bushnell, W, Gergel, IParoxetine treatment of generalized social phobia (social anxiety disorder): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998; 280: 708–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, MB, Fyer, AJ, Davidson, JR, Pollack, MH, Wiita, BFluvoxamine treatment of social phobia (social anxiety disorder): a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 756–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Tillfors, M, Furmark, T, Ekselius, L, Fredrikson, MSocial phobia and avoidant personality disorder as related to family history of social anxiety: a general population study. Behav Res Ther 2001; 39; 289–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, SM, Beidel, DC, Dancu, CV, Keys, DJPsychopathology of social phobia and comparison to avoidant personality disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 1986; 95: 389–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, SM, Beidel, DC, Borden, JW, Stanley, MA, Jacob, RGSocial phobia: Axis I and II correlates. J Abnorm Psychol 1991; 100: 102–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, Sm, Beidel, DC, Townsley, RMSocial phobia: a comparison of specific and generalized subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 1992; 101: 326–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wittchen, HU, Fuetsch, M, Sonntag, H, Muller, N, Liebowitz, MDisability and quality of life in puré and comorbid social phobia. Findings from a controlled study. Eur Psychiatry 2000; 15: 46–58.Google ScholarPubMed