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Análisis de la función prefrontal ventral y dorsal en el trastorno bipolar: estudio de resonancia magnética funcional

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Sophia Frangou ,
Justin Kington ,
Vanessa Raymont  and
Sukhwinder S. Shergill
Sophia Frangou
Affiliation:
Sección de Neurobiología de la Psicosis, Instituto de Psiquiatría, Kings College, Londres, Londres, Reino Unido.
Justin Kington
Affiliation:
Sección de Neurobiología de la Psicosis, Instituto de Psiquiatría, Kings College, Londres, Londres, Reino Unido.
Vanessa Raymont
Affiliation:
Sección de Neurobiología de la Psicosis, Instituto de Psiquiatría, Kings College, Londres, Londres, Reino Unido.
Sukhwinder S. Shergill
Affiliation:
Sección de Neurobiología de la Psicosis, Instituto de Psiquiatría, Kings College, Londres, Londres, Reino Unido.
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Resumen

Varias líneas de investigación actual sugieren que en el trastorno bipolar (TBP) hay una disfunción de la corteza prefrontal (CPF) dorsal y ventral. Usamos imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional para comparar los patrones de activación cerebral en pacientes derivados a consulta por TBP y en los controles, mientras desempeñaban tareas seleccionadas por su especificidad relativa en la participación de la CPF dorsal (tarea de memoria de trabajo de recuerdo de una serie de n letras a la inversa) o ventral (tarea de juegos de azar). Siete pacientes con TBP fueron seleccionados entre los participantes en el Proyecto del Trastorno Bipolar de Maudsley en función de remisión clínica, ausencia de déficit cognitivos y monoterapia con estabilizadores del estado de ánimo. Individualmente, los sujetos se agruparon por sexo, edad y CI con un número similar de controles sanos. En la tarea de serie inversa de n letras sólo se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos en respuesta al aumento de carga de memoria. Los pacientes no mostraron la respuesta dinámica prevista en la CPF dorsal, sino que tuvieron más activación en las cortezas parietales. Durante la tarea de juegos de azar, los controles exhibieron una activación importante en la CPF ventral y dorsal; ésta se atenuó en pacientes con TBP donde hubo un aumento de la activación de las regiones laterotemporal y lateropolar. Nuestros resultados sugieren que hay anormalidades de rasgo en las funciones de la CPF dorsal y ventral en pacientes con TBP que pueden ser más pronunciadas durante las tareas que se basan en la interacción de la CPF dorso-ventral.

Keywords

Trastorno bipolarRMf
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 15 , Issue 8 , November 2008 , pp. 382 - 390
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2008

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