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El tabaquismo relacionado con la ansiedad y la depresión: evidencias de una encuesta de población: estudio HUNT

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Arnstein Mykletun ,
Simon Overland ,
Leif Edvard Aarø ,
Hanne-Marthe Liabø  and
Robert Stewart
Arnstein Mykletun
Affiliation:
Universidad de Bergen, Facultad de Psicología, Centro de Investigación para la Promoción de la Salud, Christiesgt 13, N-5015Bergen, Noruega King College London (Instituto de Psiquiatría), Servicio Médico y Departamento de Salud de la Población, Londres, Reino Unido Instituto Noruego de Salud Pública, División de Salud Mental, Oslo, Noruega
Simon Overland
Affiliation:
Universidad de Bergen, Facultad de Psicología, Centro de Investigación para la Promoción de la Salud, Christiesgt 13, N-5015Bergen, Noruega
Leif Edvard Aarø
Affiliation:
Universidad de Bergen, Facultad de Psicología, Centro de Investigación para la Promoción de la Salud, Christiesgt 13, N-5015Bergen, Noruega
Hanne-Marthe Liabø
Affiliation:
Universidad de Bergen, Facultad de Psicología, Centro de Investigación para la Promoción de la Salud, Christiesgt 13, N-5015Bergen, Noruega
Robert Stewart
Affiliation:
King College London (Instituto de Psiquiatría), Servicio Médico y Departamento de Salud de la Población, Londres, Reino Unido
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Resumen

Desde hace tiempo se sabe que el tabaquismo se asocia con la depresión y con la ansiedad. Este estudio (a) analiza estas asociaciones teniendo en cuenta las enfermedades coexistentes, (b) investiga las posibles variables contaminantes, (c) compara la ansiedad y la depresión en ex-fumadores con las de fumadores actuales y no fumadores y analiza si la ansiedad y la depresión disminuyen desde que se deja de fumar. Los participantes (66%) tenían 20-89 años y se sometieron a cribado a una encuesta de salud de la población (n=60,814) usando HADS. (a) La asociación con el tabaquismo fue máxima en pacientes con depresión y ansiedad, seguida de los pacientes con ansiedad, y sólo fue marginal en pacientes con depresión. Las asociaciones fueron más fuertes en mujeres y en jóvenes, (b) Las variables que en parte explicaron esta asociación fueron los síntomas somáticos, los datos socio-demográficos, los problemas con el alcohol y la actividad física baja, (c) La ansiedad y la depresión eran máximas en fumadores actuales, seguidos de ex-fumadores y no fumadores. No se observó ninguna disminución a lo largo del tiempo en la ansiedad ni en la depresión desde el abandono del hábito de fumar. Los estudios anteriores sobre asociaciones entre depresión y tabaquismo podrían haber sobreestimado esta asociación ignorando la ansiedad coexistente.

Keywords

TabaquismoAnsiedadDepresiónEpidemiologíaEnfermedades coexistentes
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 15 , Issue 5 , June 2008 , pp. 237 - 245
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2008

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