Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders, that is attened by psychologists. There are many treatment method for depression. According to research findings, family has important role in creating, maintaining and treating of depression syndrome, also research findings showed that Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) is effective in treatment of depression. Therefore, family therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach, is suggested in treating depression.

The main aime of this study was to explore the effect of family therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approch as an effective treatment.

Method of the study was case study research. Data were obtained by clinical interview and psychological tests. In this study, a severly depressed subject (17 years old) was treated by using on CBT family therapy.

Almost all the subscale of MMPI and SCL-90 and other instruments showed significant decrease in psychological problems after therapy as compared with the obtained results before the therapy.

It can be concluded that some probable reasons for decreasing the depression of the client included solving conflicts and interpersonal problems by means of training certain skills such as problem solving, developing relationship with others, effective coping, assertiveness and positive thinking were effective. Consistency and inconsistency of the results was discussed.

There are new materials in looking for objective tools of mental conditions of depression patients. Grant of Russian humanitarian scientific fund: 11-06-00869.

21 patient (7 male; 14 female; mean age - 38.2 years).

Assessment of beta-endorphin concentration in peripheral blood in patients with mild and moderate unipolar depression. Implementation of this parameter as a marker of treatment efficacy.

Ethically approved prospective study; HDRS; ELISA; statistical analysis

Changes in beta-endorphin level appeared to be more significant marker than peptides‘ absolute level. Degree of beta-endorphin changes and degree of HDRS score changes were significantly correlated (p = 0.009; Spearman correlation coefficient ρ = - 0.6). Individual change was calculated as ratio of previous value divided by subsequent value. Therefore, higher increase of beta-endorphin concentration was associated with higher decrease in HDRS score. Figure.

[Figure]

A0 - mean HDRS sample score (n=21); A1 - mean HDRS score in patients with beta-endorphin decrease (n=6); A2 - mean HDRS score in patients with beta-endorphin increase (n=15).

Preliminary data show that increase in beta-endorphin plasma level in patients with non-psychotic unipolar depression after 2 weeks of treatment is associated with positive response to treatment.

The association between gray matter and cognitive dysfunction in young major depression remains unclear.

To investigate the brain gray matter and the correlation with cognitive function in first-episode, treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

To explore brain structural pathological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in MDD.

46 MDD aged 18-45 year and 46 controls were assessed by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Trail making test (TMT). Then, 30 patients and 30 controls were obtained by MRI scan.

The total number of errors, number of preservative errors, random errors of WSCT in MDD were significantly more than that in controls, and the completion time in the TMT-A and TMT-B was longer than that in controls. MDD showed significant less gray matter volumns than controls in frontal lobe (right precentral gyrus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus), parietal lobe (left postcentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, and bilateral precuneus), temporal lobe (right superior temporal gyrus), and occipital lobe (left superior occipital gyrus). There was a significant negative correlation between left postcentral gyrus and left superior occipital gyrus gray matter density and the TMT-B completion time (r=-0.462, P=0.017; r=-0.448, P=0.022).

The first-episode MDD patient exhibiteded cognitive impairment and showed significant lower gray matter density than controls in frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe. Decreased gray matter density in left postcentral gyrus and left superior occipital gyrus may be involved in the executive dysfunction.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most common postoperative complication after gynecological laparoscopic surgery. It is unknown whether the occurrence of PONV is associated with the preoperative psychological status.

To explore the effects of preoperative psychological status on the incidence of PONV following gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

To analyze the possible risk factors in order to prevent and treat PONV after gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

101 cases patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic surgery were enrolled. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to assess the preoperative psychological state. Visual analog scale nausea (NVAS) was used to evaluate the occurrence of PONY within the postoperative 24 hours.

101 patients completed NVAS and 72 patients completed SAS and SDS. The incidence of PONV was 45.5%. The standard score of SAS (49.14±8.01) in PONV group was significantly higher than that in Non-PONV group (44.54±7.58) t=2.505, P < 0.05. The ratio of preoperative anxiety patients(SAS≥50) in PONV group(57%) was higher than that in Non-PONV group (30%) (χ2=5.513, P < 0.05). It showed that the occurrence of PONV was positively correlated with preoperative anxiety (r=0.277, P < 0.05). There was no difference in the scores of SDS between two groups. No correlation was found between PONV and preoperative depression.

Higher level of anxiety before surgery may increase the risk of PONV. The patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery should reduce the level of anxiety with appropriate psychological counseling or prophylactic anti-anxiety drugs.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction in selected hospitals of Urmia hospitals in 2009.

This study was a quasi-experimental study that comprised 124 patients selected randomly and divided into two groups. The experimental group was educated by a face to face training and educational booklet. Control group did not receive any intervention. The level of anxiety and depression was evaluated by using HADS questionnaire at 3 intervals. After 48 hours of admission, discharge day and 2 months after discharge.

The findings suggest that MI patients worried about their social role, interpersonal relations and personal health, which can exacerbate symptoms and complicate their future care. There was no significant difference between control and experimental groups before the intervention, But after the intervention, anxiety and depression in the experimental group was significantly less than control group (P < 0.05).

Considering the beneficial effect of intervention on reducing anxiety and depression in such patients, the patient's education should be one of the health care goals. Most researches may also be required toconfirm the results in other groups of patients.

To determine the costs associated with antidepressant (AD) use and mental health status.

Data were obtained from a population-based health survey of 2,004 older adults. Depression and anxiety were based on DSM-IV criteria and measured at two time points 1 year apart. AD use and health service use and costs were identified from provincial administrative databases. Patient costs included drug copayments, transportation and time spent seeking medical care. Costs associated with AD use were studied as a function of mental health status at baseline and follow-up interviews [i.e. persistence, incidence, remission, no illness]. Generalized linear models with a gamma distribution (log link) were used to control for potential confounders such as socio-economic and clinical factors and AD adherence rates.

The costs incurred by participants using AD (16.6%) reached $6861 (95% CI: $5586, $8426), significantly more than costs for those not using AD: $4662 ($3679, $5908). AD use was associated with increased total adjusted costs in respondents with no depression and anxiety and in respondents with incident anxiety. Increased costs were due to significantly higher hospitalisation and outpatient costs. The results also suggested a negative association between adherence to AD and the persistence of depression.

The results did not show important cost savings or decreased health service use associated with AD use and this for all depression and anxiety groups. Future cost studies may consider the analyses of different AD classes with respect to the different clinical mental health profiles in older adults.

Determinants of suicidal ideation in females and males may differ in older adults.

To ascertain gender specific determinants of suicidal ideation.

Data used in this study was from the ESA survey on a large representative sample of community dwelling older adults (n=2494). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between suicidal ideation, mental health service and antidepressant use and a number of clinical and socio-demographic factors.

The prevalence of suicidal ideation reached 6.3%. The findings of this study show that the presence of suicidal ideation in females is associated with younger age, single or widowed status, the reporting of daily life stressors and chronic conditions as well as the presence of depression. In males, suicidal ideation is associated with older age, single or widowed status and depression. Furthermore, suicidal ideation is significantly associated with antidepressant use in females but not males and this after controlling for a number of clinical factors.

Although no gender differences are observed between suicidal ideation and mental health service use, females with suicidal ideation are more likely to be dispensed antidepressants than males with suicidal ideation. The more prevalent use of antidepressants in females with suicidal ideation may lead to better management of symptoms related to depression and their consequences at an earlier stage of the disorder.

Child abuse is one ofthe important problems all over the word.

The purpose of this research is study of the effect of child abuse on misuse of substances in adulthood.

The examinees of this research are persons that were engaged to misuse of substances.

The examinees that have conditions according to DSM-IV and international diagnostic interview (CLDL) organization of therapeutic services title of aim groups in individuals and groups form were selected. For normal study of scores distribution of Colomugro of Smirnouf for study of relationship between researches variables of Pearsonian and for comparison and for comparison between groups of Levins test analysis variance test.

The results of the investigation show that P < 0.036 and r= 0.617) in arrangement : affective child abuse: P< 0.029,r=0.669 neglect child abuse : P< 0.045 and r=0.587 physical child abuse: P< 0.022 and r=0.694 sexual child abuse P< 0.012 and r=0.797). Also the results of this research show that the relationship between child abuse and time of substances use was P< 0.043 and r= 0.555 in arrangement: affective child abuse : P< 0.046 and r=0/0521,neglect child abuse : P< 0.027 and r=0.681 physical child abuse, P< 0.041 and r=0.575 sexual child abuse : p< 0.032 and r=0.634 only between sexual child abuse and species of substances was meaningful (P< 0.000) in sum.

The results of this research show that the existence of precedents child abuse is important cases that individuals in adulthood inclined to the addiction.

Schizophrenia is one of the important diseases of mental illnesses.

Determining the impact of demographic factors on the depression intensity and the type of schizophrenia on the depression intensity is important in this research.

Our goals are determining the rate of post-schizophrenic incident in hospitalized patients.

The present study is an analytical prospective one. We selected 187 patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia and completed the demographic questionnaire and Beck depression test and analyzed the data using the statistical software SPSS and the descriptive statistics (frequency-percent) and the deductive statistics (Chi square-variance analysis). P value< 0.05 is assumed meaningful.

The average age of the patients was 38.3+10.1and %46.6 of them suffered from depression, among whom %50 of the females %71.8 of the males suffered from depressio. Considering P=0.162. The relation between the patient's age and the depression intensity was P=0.07, marital status was P=0.09,the different levels of education was P=0.3,the residence was P=0.5,and the previous record of depression was P=0.5. Tthere was a previous record of depression with P= 0.002 and the relation of schizophrenia among the nearest relatives was P=0.7 the record of depression in the nearest relatives was P=0.4 the age was P=0.065 hospitalization with P=0.42 and suicide with P=0.18 also the relation between the schizophrenia type with the depression intensity was P= 0.346.

Our study showed that just the relation between the patient's age and the depression intensity, a previous record of depression patients and suicide whose relations with depression intensity were meaningful.

Women's mental health is important factor for life of societies.

Many factors affect orgasmic function, age, education, job, folklore (taboos) religious beliefs, drugs, psychological disorders and gynecological surgery.

Our main goal was the study of causes of the psychological and pharmacological of anorgasmia in affected women in Ardabil.

The present study is a descriptive-cross sectional one. a total of 500 married women were selected and they completed the demographic and female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnarie.orgasm was assessed according to the relevant questions in the FSFI questionnaire.122 women were anorgasmic and they completed the SCL-90 questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS and the descriptive statistics (frequency-percent) and the deductive statistics (Correlation-t test). P value < 0.05 was assumed meaningful.

The prevalence of anorgasmia among women in Ardabil was 24.4% and the average age of th anorgasmic women was 31.1%. The relation between the obsession -compulsion disorder and the anorgasmia with P=0.000 was meaningful. The relation of depression with P=0.91 and using the SSRI drugs with P=0.28 and using the three cyclic anti-depression drugs with P=0.09 and using the ACE-I drugs with P=0.63 with the anorgasmia wasn’t meaningful.

The prevalence of anorgasmia in Ardabil women is at its high level and psychological factors influence this disorder so the diagnosis of this disorder and control of effective factors will help reducing of family fade and its impacts on society.

Finding the rate of depression is important.

Our object is the spread or depression in hemodialysis patients their age and sexual relations and examination of the cause of depression.

Our aim is finding these relations between the internal and psychiatric diseases.

In this study I randomly choose 100 hemodialysis patients from Ardabil province and give them the questionnaire N.I and questionnaire that was made by researcher for every patient. I analyzed the results by SPSS software.

From 100 patients 37 were female and 63 were male. In this research 42 patients (42%) were depressed that 17 were women 40.5% and 25 men 59.5% none of the experimented were depressed before dialysis. Most of the patients suffered from blood pressure 38.2% diabetes 34.2% and 11% had kidney graft experience .more than half were uneducated 54.1% the most of them were at the age of 65–70 marital status, education, losing their next of kin, having job problem because of dialysis and having problems their family relations, have meaningful relation with depression from experimental quantitative variances income has positive role on depression number of children and age have direct effect on depression the most indirect effect from income was on depression.

Since most of the depression patients were jobless men it's better to produce jobs. Since most of the population were not educated it's better to prepare the depression questionnaire according to their perception every dialysis center in addition to a physician needs a psychologist for giving psychiatry services.

Child abuse is important reason of children 's problems in the future.

Finding the origins of future problems in people's life is one of the our objects.

The present study with aim predicted adult mental health based on experiences of child abuse during childhood was conducted.

In this study 294 patients (164males and 130 females) students with sampling randomly and with using random numbers table were selected. To measure the variables of the questionnaires Goldberg general health (GHQ), Cooper smith self-esteem and Beck depression were used. Data analysis using person correlation test and multiple regressions were performed simultaneously.

Findings showed that there is significant relationship between histories of physical, emotional child abuse and neglected with mental health and adults with a history of Physical, emotional abuse and neglected in terms of mental health are much lower. between sexual abuse and mental health, there is no significant relationship and only emotional child abuse and neglect are able predict significantly mental health scores also showed there is no significant relationship and only emotional child abuse and neglect are able to significantly predict depression scores.

Based on the findings of this study was found between physical emotional abuse neglect and anxiety there is significant relationship while between sexual child abuse with anxiety there is no significant relationship and just emotional child abuse is able to significantly predict anxiety scores. In sex factor results showed that there is significant relationship between mental health of male and female victims.

Most of the hospitalized mental patients have background of past medical history.

Regarding the recurrence feature of the psychological diseases prevention and the causes of recurrence have gained a special importance.

This prompted us to make a survey of the causes of the return of the psychological diseases.

This retrospective study covered 200 cases that 100 of which gathered from men's ward and 100 of them from women. based on the cases the questionnaire including the demographic information nine main causes of return and 2 variables of the times of recurrent including up to 3 times recurrent and more than it were completed.

The patients under study were 36.5 years old in average from among 100 female patients. 42 cases suffered from schizophrenia 42%, 23 cases (23%) BMD,28cases 28% major depression and 7 cases 7% OCD. From among 100 male patients 50 cases 50% suffered from schizophrenia 22 cases 22% BMD, 18 cases 18% major depression and 10 cases 10% OCD.

This study shows that men suffered from schizophrenia more than women suffered major depression more than men. the cause of the recurrence of diseases include avoiding to use drugs,unknown,divorce,economic problems, family problems, immigration, the death of a beloved one, abandoning, child, pregnancy. The percent of each has been different in different kinds of diseases but in both sexes avoiding the use of drugs has been the major cause of recurrence in mental diseases.

Women's Mental health has important section about their personalities.

We are comparing the personalities of women to each other in different conditions and jobs.

The aim of this study is the comparison of attachment styles and personality sides between women who are victims of domestic violence and ordinary women.

This research included all of them who had complained to family court at first 150 people were randomly studied amid mentioned community by domestic violence questionnaire that 50 people were selected as main annoyed ones were examined in terms of population variable for analysis of data descriptive statistics and k2 and multi-variable variance analysis were used.

Achievements expresses that there is a difference between annoyed and ordinary women in terms of attachments styles also it was unfolded that annoyed women vary with those who are ordinary in terms of characteristic sides and it means that annoyed women got higher marks than ordinary ones at aggression point of view and it is mentionable that the difference between 2 groups is significant.

Accounts of unsafe attachments styles at annoyed women is one of the reasons which cause reluctant interaction in sexual affairs, then lessens loyalty and kindness levels in joint life and finally leads to disruptive behaviors as violence annoyed women with high aggression low desired level, lack of flexibility and low extrovert personality decrease enjoyment of joint life and satisfaction level in sexual life and with a continues contradictions justify the account of domestic violence.

Mental health is a phenomenon which has been considered by psychologist's medical doctors and religious scholars and it is a combination of physical, social and cognitive factors.

Due to the effectiveness of teaching coping skills in increasing mental health.

This study was done to achieve the effect of teaching coping skills in providing mental health in students of Ardabil University of medical sciences.

Due to the nature and aims of the study the study method was experimental research method the samples of the present study comprised all male and female students (n = 112) and gained 23 or more in GHQ-28 questionnaire at the next stage the samples were selected randomly and divided in to 2 groups then, coping skills were taught to the experimental group for 4 weeks and no variable was exposed to the control group during this period at the end the data from 62 individuals were analyzed by independent T test.

The results showed that teaching coping skills affects on decreasing mental disorders symptoms especially somatization of symptoms and anxiety of students suspected to the mental disorder (R < 0.001). But the teaching coping skills do not affect on decreasingdepression and disorder of social functioning of students.

The study showed that teaching coping skills is a good method in decreasing mental disorders symptoms among the students suspected to the mentaldisorder. Therefore it is suggested that in order to prevent and decrease mental disorders symptoms the coping skills should be taught to students.

Mental health is a phenomenon which has been considered by psychologists, medical doctors and religious scholars and it is a combination of physical, social and cognitive factors.

This study was done to achieve the effect of teaching coping skills in providing mental health in students of Ardabil University of medical sciences.

Due to the nature and aims of the study, the study method was experimental research method.

The samples of the present study comprised all male and female students (n = 112) at Ardabil university of medical sciences and gained 23 or more in GHQ-28 questionnaire at the next stage the samples were selected randomly and divided in 2 groups then, coping skills were taught to the experimental group for 4 weeks and no variable was exposed to the control group during this period at the end, the data from 62 individuals were analyzed by independent test.

The results showed that teaching coping skills effects on decreasing mental disorders symptoms especially somatization of symptoms and anxiety of students suspected to the mental disorder (R < 0.001) but the teaching coping skills do not effect on decreasing depression and disorder of social functioning of students.

This study showed that teaching coping skills is a good method in decreasing mental disorders symptoms among the students suspected to the mental disorder. Therefore it is suggested that in order to prevent and decrease mental disorders symptoms the coping skills should be taught to students.

Attention Deficit - Hyper Activity Disorder.

(ADHD) is a heredity and psychological disorder that often continues to adulthood and causes great number of emotional, social, educationaland occupational problem for college students.

We think there is a meaningful relation between ADHD and people's jobs and conditions.

The aim of this study isdetermine the prevalence of ADHD among students reside in hostel ofArdabil University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross sectional study selected all studentsin hostel of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences and all of them fill theSelf reporting Conners ADHD questionnaires and the data wereextracted and analyzed with SPSS.

During this study the prevalence of ADHD is 8.6 percent, and themale gender shows more involvement rate than female and the involvedStudents show more incidences of smoking and psychotropic drugconsumption.

According to the high prevalence of ADHD among collegeStudents, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD as soon as possible appearsis necessary.