Esketamine nasal spray has been developed for patients with treatment resistant depression.

A cohort Temporary Authorization for Use (ATUc) allowed to collect for a 6-month period the first data in real life

On 02/08/2019 the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Product Safety granted an early access program for Esketamine nasal spray framed by a specific protocol for patients without therapeutic alternatives. Each treatment request was approved based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical evolution, treatment management and safety were then spontaneously reported by psychiatrists.

From 09/23/2019 to 03/25/2020, 66 patients were treated. The median age was 53 years and 41 (62.1%) were females. At treatment request, 52 patients (79%), presented a severe current depressive episode based on clinical judgment. The median duration of the disease was 12.2 years and the current episode was 2.6 years. Since the beginning of the current depressive episode, all patients (66) were prescribed ≥2 antidepressants (mean 4.2). Esketamine was initiated in a complete hospitalization setting in 27 patients (55.1%) and in day hospitalization in 22 patients (44.9%).Safety profile was consistent with the one described during clinical study. The most frequently adverse events reported (>10%) were dizziness, sedation, sleepiness, anxiety and dissociation. Most of them appeared after treatment administration and were transient.

ATUc ended on 12/18/2019 after Marketing Authorization granted by European Medicines Agency. Data reported by French psychiatrists are the first collected in this specific population and provide descriptive information on patient characteristics, burden of disease; Esketamine management and practical use at hospital level

Data analysis performed by RCTs and poster conception coordinated by Medergy and funded by Janssen

Individuals with mental disorders, on average, die prematurely and may experience accelerated biological ageing.

We examined sex-specific associations between age and physiological measures in individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls.

UK Biobank recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to examine associations between age and multiple cardiovascular, body composition, grip strength and lung function measures. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with lifetime depression compared to healthy controls.

Analytical samples included up to 342,393 adults (mean age = 55.87 years, SD = 8.09; 52.61% females). We found statistically significant differences between individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls for most physiological measures, with standardised mean differences between -0.145 and 0.156. There was some evidence that age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular measures, lung function and heel bone mineral density followed different trajectories in individuals with lifetime depression. However, these differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age. For example, BMI in females with lifetime depression was approximately 1.1 kg/m2 higher at age 40 and this difference narrowed to about 0.4 kg/m2 at age 70. In males, systolic blood pressure was approximately 1 mmHg lower in individuals with lifetime depression at age 45 and this difference widened to about 2.5 mmHg at age 65.

Evidence of differences in ageing trajectories between individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls was not uniform across physiological measures and differed by sex.

JM receives studentship funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Eli Lilly and Company Limited. CML is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Myriad Neuroscience.

Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent clinical condition, affecting more than 300 million individuals worldwide. About 1/3 of patients with MDD fail to achieve remission despite treatment with multiple antidepressants and are considered to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Novel antidepressants with rapid and sustained effects on mood and cognition could represent a breakthrough in the TRD and may potentially improve or save lives. Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, more commonly found in the Psilocybe mushrooms has a combined serotonergic and glutamatergic action. The preliminary evidence of antidepressant effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy indicates the potential of psilocybin-assisted therapy as a novel antidepressant intervention.

The authors elaborate a narrative literature review about the effects of Psilocybin-based therapy on patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression.

PubMed database searched using the terms “Treatment-Resistant Depression AND Psilocybin” and targeting clinical trials. References of selected articles and review articles were also assessed.

2 articles evaluate psilocybin effects in 32 patients with TRD and showed that two doses of psilocybin alongside psychological support significantly reduces depressive symptoms. All patients presented some reduction in symptoms from baseline to one week after the second dose and reproduced immediate and substantial improvements in depression that ultimately could sustain up to 6 months.

Psilocybin-assisted therapy is a very appealing new possibility in the treatment of depression. However, due to the small populations of the existing trials, future studies are needed to prove this positive association and to fully understand Psilocybin’s mechanisms of actions and effects.

No significant relationships.

The postpartum depressions (PPD), rank first postpartum complications and therefore pose a public health problem by their frequencies and their adverse consequences.

To detect the depression among a Tunisian parturient, to evaluate their perceived stress and to study the link between these entities

A cross-sectional, analytical study of 40 first week postpartum women hospitalized in the gynecology department in Hedi Cheker hospital in Sfax-Tunisia, during the month of September 2019. We used the Arab version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Cohen perceived stress scale (PSS).

The average age of the participants was 31.07 years old. The Parturient have a rural origin in 62.5% of cases, they have a secondary school level in 52.5% of cases. There were exaggerated sympathetic signs in 52.5% of the cases. An organic pathologies were present during pregnancy in 47.5%. The postpartum period was simple in 77.5% of cases. For the post-natal period, 90% of parturient were going to receive help of a family member. EPDS: the average score was5.35 and the risk of developing a PPD was 20%. PSS we found that life represents a perpetual threat in 27% of cases. The factors correlated with the PPD were: a high level of perceived stress (p < 0.00) and organic pathology during pregnancy (p=0.02).

Our study shows that the risk of postpartum depression is high among Tunisian parturient and it is associated with high level of stress, because of this a precocious screening is necessary.

No significant relationships.

Many studies show that obesity, dyslipidemia, and physical inactivity are closely related to depressive spectrum of symptoms (DSS), depressive disorder (DD). DD significantly reduces the patient’s quality of life and vital activity.

To study laboratory and physical parameters with DSS, DD in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) to determine the number of patients requiring complex antidepressant therapy.

The cross-sectional study of 127 inpatients with CVD was conducted. Depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using HADS, anhedonia by Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and pain by visual analog scale (VAS). Acquired data was statistically processed.

The non-depressive patients was observed in 67 (53.0%) and 60 (47%) with DSS in CVD patients. When clinical assessing 29 (22.5%) met the criteria for major (DD), 39 (31%) for minor DD. When comparing body mass index (BMI) in patients with depression, the indicator was 31 (28.5; 33.5), in patients without depression 30 (26; 32) p <0.2828; atherogenic coefficient in patients with depression was 2.93 (2.41; 3.575), in non-depressive patients - 2.375 (2.07; 3.07) p<0.0083.

More than 1/5 of patients with CVD need antidepressant therapy. >90% of all patients had a high BMI regardless of gender and the presence of depression. Depressive patients in 95% of cases were obese or overweight. Severe dyslipidemia in women with depression increases the risk of CVD. Conflict of interest: No.

No significant relationships.

Despite many signs and symptoms of depression get dismissed as normal physiologic changes associated with childbirth, depressive disorders are a common complication of pregnancy and postpartum period. The so-called “baby blues” have a minor functional impact and respond well to social support, whilst postpartum depression causes significant functional compromise, requiring more aggressive therapy. There is an extreme type of postpartum depressive disorder, postpartum psychosis, when patients present psychosis, mania, or thoughts of infanticide. It is imperative to promptly recognize and differentiate these entities, in order to minimize its impact on both mother and child. Antidepressant treatment may be necessary for some women, but risks and benefits should always be considered prior to institute pharmacotherapy.

To identify current approaches and evidence-based treatment options for postpartum depression.

Review of the most recent literature regarding postpartum depression. The research was carried out through the Cochrane, UptoDate, PubMed, MedLine, LILACS and SciELO databases, using the terms “postpartum depression”, “baby blues” and “postpartum psychosis”, until December 2020.

Since both depression and antidepressant medications confer risk upon the infant, when postpartum depression develops, psychotherapy is usually the first-line treatment. Antidepressant treatment may be necessary, but its use during pregnancy and postpartum must be weighed carefully.

In order to better prevent postpartum depression, recommendations include the use of screening instruments as a routine clinical practice during pregnancy and referral when necessary. Maternal depression has a severe impact on both mother and child, so mental health professionals have a very important role in reducing postnatal emotional complications.

No significant relationships.

There is a bi-directional biochemical communication pathway between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, referred to as the “gut–brain axis”. Studies show that bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, including commensal, probiotic, or pathogenic, can affect brain’s function. Since there is a symbiotic relationship between gut microbiota and the brain, changes in its composition can lead to dysbiosis, which plays a role in many psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, and therefore becomes a potential therapeutic target.

To examine data from recent studies regarding the gut-brain axis and its relationship with psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety.

Review of the most recent literature regarding the gut-brain axis and its relationship with depression and anxiety disorders. The research was carried out through the MedLine, PubMed, UptoDate, ScienceDirect, SciELO and SpringerLink databases, using the terms “gut-brain axis”, “depression” and “anxiety”, until December 2020.

There is a relationship between dysbiosis of microbiota and some psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. Symbiosis may be restored by purposefully manipulate the gut microbiota using therapies such as probiotics, therefore enhancing beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and improving symptoms of depression.

Although probiotics can be used in the treatment of depression, further research is needed in order to carefully determine parameters such as the duration of treatment, dosage and drug interactions. Nonetheless, a better understanding of the gut-brain axis may arise new approaches on how we prevent and treat mental illnesses.

No significant relationships.

Craniocerebral injuries are serious traumatic situations

Aim of this study is to present cases of deppresive disorders after mild craniocerebral injuries in amateur athletes

10 cases are presented. Range of age between 20 and 40 years old. All of them reported depressive disorders during the post traumatic period after mild craniocerebral injuries mainly during amateur athletic activities

All of them they receive appropriate neurological, psychiatric, psycological and rehabilitation support and treatment. They managed to have a good outcome after 12 months follow up.

The development of depressive disorders after such traumatic events remains a strong predictor of a variety of difunctions (social, personal, work etc). The emergence of depressive disorders in many cases remains unexplored and poorly understood. The effect into the the overall health remains a very important factor to investigate. The combination and collaboration of the various medical disciplines is essential in order to help young people.

No significant relationships.

This systematic review estimates the pooled prevalence (PP) of depressive disorders (DD) among 5-to-18-year-old YP living in Europe, based on prevalence rates established in the last five years (LFY).

Trends of prevalence rates across countries, gender and level of education were analysed. The random effects pooled prevalence rate (REPPR) for DD was calculated.

A search strategy was conducted on three databases. Studies were also identified from reference lists and grey literature. Eligible studies were evaluated for reliability, validity, bias, and the REPPR for DD was calculated.

The European REPPR for DD is calculated at 2.0% (95%CI: 1.0%-4.0%). (Figure 1). The REPPR for each depressive disorder is shown in Figure 1. The prevalence among secondary school children is 4.2 times higher than that among primary school children.

Routine screening and early intervention strategies for eating disorders may improve the outcome of young people with these problems.

No significant relationships.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encopasses disorders with incompletely known etiology. Facial expression of people with ASD does not often reflect their emotions adequately or are strongly limited. In addition, they have a problem with joint attention. The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder are very various and have different severity that can change over time.There are still no objective methods for estimating these symptoms, which creates a huge diagnostic and clinical problem. Motion Capture technology makes the possibility of this objective assessment of the severity of initial symptoms, their change over time, as well as specificity for people with ASD.

To assess the application of Motion Capture technology in a clinical evaluation and a therapy for people with ASD.

We analyzed literature related to the topic available at medical bases: PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. The articles which were included had been published after 2000 and have an English or Polish abstract.

We included 2 trials involving 81 participants (children and adolescents): 1 trial reported on quantifying the social symptoms of autism and 1 trial on differences of facial expressions in people with and without ASD.

This capture of motions and the analysis of specific movements of people with autism spectrum disorder might be very useful in clinical practice, scientific research, therapy and also in creation of functioning systems at homes, schools and kindergartens. Thanks to this, people with ASD will be able to function better in society.

No significant relationships.

Since October 2017 till 2019 the project of Psychosocial Care for internally displaced persons and the war affected population in Ukraine has been in place (short name “Let’s talk”). In 2020 this project continuing for counselling pandemic affected persons.

The counsellors are professional psychologists who were trained within the scope of the project. Sessions may be held in Russian or Ukrainian, according to the user’s choice.

Analysis of protocols of online counseling sessions and supervisions.

The key and most frequent issues mentioned by the clients are loneliness, the loss of the sense of life, fear, uncertainty, anxiety, difficulties in family relations, in particular, with children, job insecurity, addictions, psychosomatic disorders and so others. They are closely related to the situation in the country (military operation, the division into “We” and “Other”, the risk of provocations, the cases of treason and personal revenge, threats to the family members of the military). The above issue is in potential clients’ inadequately high suspicion level (in some cases on the border of paranoid fantasies), which is manifested in the fear of the possible infringement of confidentiality, over-listening, surveillance, recording of talks etc.

The online counseling is the way to provide professional, accessible, free for the users and fully anonymous psychosocial care. Most frequent issues mentioned by the IDPs and the war affected population peoples has been indicated. When presenting the project service, the focus is always made on the high level of data protection and strict confidentiality.

No significant relationships.

Perinatal mental health symptoms commonly remain underdiagnosed in maternity care settings in the UK, with the COVID-19 pandemic having further disrupted access to adequate care provision. Digital technologies may offer innovative ways to support the mental health needs of women and partners and assist midwives in recognition of concerns.

We set to investigate the current state of perinatal mental healthcare provision in the UK and the acceptability of a digital mental health assessment.

The study entailed completing an online survey. 829 women, 103 partners, and 90 midwives participated in the study. Quantitative data were explored using descriptive statistics. Open-ended responses regarding the perceived benefits and barriers to using a digital mental health assessment were investigated using thematic analysis. Resultant themes were then mapped onto the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM-B model).

The provision of perinatal mental healthcare support was limited and varied across respondents, particularly throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a strong interest in using a digital mental health assessment placed within maternity healthcare settings to screen, diagnose, and triage concerns (Figure 1). In-person and blended care approaches (i.e., in-person and remote support) were preferred by women and partners in the event of further care being advised (Figure 1). Identified barriers and benefits mainly related to physical opportunity (e.g., accessibility), psychological capability (e.g., cognitive skills) and automatic motivation (e.g., emotions).

This study provides proof-of-concept support for the development of a digital mental health assessment to inform clinical decision-making for perinatal mental health concerns.

NMK has financial interest in Psyomics Ltd., a company developing digital diagnostic devices for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Given the suboptimal acceptance of iCBT for depression, finding ways to increase the acceptance and uptake is crucial for its dissemination. Moreover, it remains unknown to what extend the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) could aid the design of DTC in psychological service.

To explore whether the regulatory processes theorized in the UTAUT (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Condition) could be modified and mediate the change of acceptance of iCBT.

This randomized controlled trial recruited 219 individuals with at least mild level of depression. Upon completion of pre-assessment, participants were randomly allocated to an intervention (IG) and a control group (CG). The IG received a 7-minute UTAUT-driven promotion video, while the CG received a video of same length on general psychoeducation. Both groups completed a post-assessment.

Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant time by group effect on treatment acceptance. The video in IG was perceived to be clearer and more persuasive. Mediation analysis showed that the intervention effect was mediated by increase in perceived performance expectancy of iCBT, and the indirect effect was conditional on dispositional help seeking stigma.

Pre-treatment acceptance of iCBT can be improved by brief DTC promotion video. The finding casts light that performance expectancy was the most modifiable and mediatable regulatory process on iCBT acceptance, although such relation could be attenuated by high help-seeking stigma. In sum, DTC marketing could aid implementation of Internet-based interventions, effort in stigma reduction should continue to encourage uptake of effective treatment.

No significant relationships.

Social media use has grown exponentially over the past few years, having a key role in communication among our youngsters. The impact of social media in mental health is still unclear. While some studies advocate that it increases social support and general satisfaction, others associate social media with the development of mental health issues. Social media can also perform some pressure regarding body image and eating behavior, caused by the idealistic appearance shown there in a very visual way.

This review intends to identify the existing evidence regarding social media use, its impact on body image and eating behavior.

Search performed on May 11, 2020, including articles published since January 1st, 2006, written in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French. We used the MeSH terms ‘Body dissatisfaction’, ‘Body image’, ‘Feeding and eating disorders’, ‘Eating behaviors’ and ‘Social media’. The quality and strength of recommendation of the articles were evaluated using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) scale from the American Academy of Family Physicians.

716 articles were initially found. Eight were selected: two systematic reviews, three cohort studies, two cross-sectional studies and one observational study.

This review presents studies that establish a correlation between social media use, body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, methodological and population heterogeneity can compromise the conclusions observed. With the current evidence, we can conclude that there is a relationship between the use of social media and changes in body image and/or eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults (SORT B).

No significant relationships.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the delivery of mental health services globally. Within Australia, the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent containment measures have led to reduced face-to-face attendances. To maintain access to mental health consultations, new telehealth services were introduced by the Australian Government in late March 2020.

We aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of mental health attendances in Australia using an interrupted time series model.

To characterise patterns of mental health service utilisation, monthly mental health attendances between January 2016 and June 2020 were extracted from the Medicare database, stratified by clinician type: general practitioner (GP), psychiatrist, and allied health. We used triple exponential smoothing to model attendances between January 2017 and December 2019. Observed and predicted attendances between January and June 2020 were compared with 95% confidence (p<0.05).

Our models showed decreased mental health attendances in March and April, consistent with all healthcare services during this time. While uptake of telehealth was significant, it only partially covered the reduction in mental health attendances.

Our modelling highlights the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health services in Australia, with telehealth only partially compensating for the reduction in face-to-face attendances. These results suggest that telehealth services may not be suitable for all individuals (e.g. those without reliable internet access). Given that telehealth will likely remain a feature of mental health service provision, outreach and face-to-face services should be considered for vulnerable groups

No significant relationships.

Available evidence demonstrates that it is feasible to integrate Motivational Interviewing (MI) techniques with Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for the treatment of obesity and that this combined intervention has the potential to improve health-related outcomes of patients and to maintain behavioural changes over time. In addition, the use of Virtual Reality (VR) using embodiment techniques in the treatment of behavioural disorders has proved its preliminary effectiveness.

1) to adapt the embodiment tool for treating obesity in a clinical setting, and 2) to compare its preliminary effectiveness to usual care.

A randomized control trial (SOCRATES project, funded by the European Union’s H2020 program under grant agreement No 951930) will be carried out with 66 participants with a Body Mass Index (BMI) >30, who will be split into two groups (control and intervention). The participants will be recruited from the external consultations of the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Readiness to change, BMI, dietetic habits and physical activity, self-perception of the body size, satisfaction with self-image and quality of life in relation to body image will be assessed before and after the intervention and at 4-week follow-up. Finally, variables related to the adoption of the VR tool in terms of perceived usability, user’s satisfaction and technology acceptance will be also evaluated.

Not yet available

The study will provide an important advance in the treatment of obesity, first, by improving the effectiveness of available psychological treatments integrating embodiment, MI and CBT techniques, and second, reducing treatment duration and costs compared to conventional therapies.

No significant relationships.

The confinement did begot a recrudescence in the rate of stress within populations. Meanwhile, research targeting the mental health of the psychiatric patients’ accompanyings are scarce.

Detect and evaluate anxiety levels of patients’ entourage during confinement.

It is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study based on a random sample of People accompanying psychiatric patients from externals consultations service in the only Psychiatric Hospital in Tunisia. Data were been collected during the month of June 2020 via a 20 items questionnaire and a score HAD issued in Arabic.

One hundred thirty five accompanyings were surveyed. The age group was predominantly between 51 and 60 with a sex ratio of 0.31. Near half was the parents. eighty seven were unemployed, 38 stopped working due to confinement and 10 have been worked normally. A pathological anxiety HAD score (>7) was found in 36 accompanyings (26, 67 %). Amongst them, 19 had manifested symptoms. Anxiety levels are significantly much higher in accompanyings of patients with personality disorders (p=0.053). Otherwise, 52, 6% of accompanyings who stopped working felt more under pressure than before lockdown. In contrary to those who did not worked before at all (29.9 %) and those who continued working (10%).

It seems that the entourage of mentally ill patients experience a continuous psychological distress, which was uncovered and marked in confinement period. Thus, it is necessary to establish screening programs, psychological education and early care to ensure their well-being.

No significant relationships.

Project-based leisure would be conducive to enabling people to project themselves into the future and to move away from the eating disorder, which involves a constant preoccupation with food and one’s body. According to this, travel could be a leisure opportunity that invites to challenge oneself by going out of one’s comfort zone. Coping is a real dilemma for people living with eating disorders and the motivations of a tourism experience could refer to motivation to leave one’s current environment. Consequently, travel would be helpful in reducing the individual’s focus on the illness in a different environment.

The aim of this study is to investigate the use of travel to help people living with eating disorders to live in the present moment and to “let go”. Then, to understand what are the components of travel that are essential for an optimal leisure experience.

This multiple case study uses mixed data from a sample of five participants with an ED and living in France. They were invited to live a tourism experience in Québec for one week. This data collection was before, during and after the trip, using the Experience Sampling Method with a mobile app pocket and guided interviews to assess sensations and emotions in the ecological context of patients.

The trip allowed a letting go and developed a greater ability to live in the present moment. It was a significantly positive moment in the lives of the participants.

Travel associate with digital diary are an innovative approach for ED.

No significant relationships.

The link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) firstly emerged in the 80’s. Given the overlap in behavioural and cognitive features between these two seemingly different disorders, AN has been hypothesized to be a female phenotype of ASD.

This report aims to describe a clinical case of an anorexic female patient diagnosed later in life with ASD, while presenting a bibliographic review on the subject.

After gaining consent, detailed information about the case history was collected and medical records were analysed and reviewed. A non-systematic literary review was performed on the Pubmed and Cochrane databases using the key words “anorexia nervosa”, “females”, “comorbidity” and “autism spectrum disorder”.

The current case report is of a 28-year-old female, whose extremely low body weight and complete food refusal for three days prompted her first hospitalization in a psychiatric unit with the admission diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. However, long-term impairments in social interaction and flexibility, emotional difficulties and sensory processing overload were acknowledged and the primary diagnosis of ASD was then considered.

As illustrated in this case, the diagnosis of ASD should always be considered in females with eating disorders, in particular AN, regardless of age. As this neurodevelopmental condition appears to present differently in females, they also seem more likely to go underdiagnosed. Also, due to poorer treatment outcomes in females with both ASD and AN, the importance of developing a specialized approach and prompt referral of these patients is highlighted.

No significant relationships.

Anorexia of females adolescents has a high mortality rate and heavy health, psychological, family consequences even in case of survival.

To reduce the mortality rate and the consequences of anorexia by providing a theory that allows us to have early or even predictive diagnosis

25 years ago I found blood type (O, A, B, AB) difference between an anorexic patient and her mother. Pregnancy had been with placental detachment and birth was traumatic, presumed causes of a mother/daughter blood contact. From that day on, I checked, in the case of Anorexia of the Female Adolescent, the blood types of the anorexic girl and her mother.

In my collection of data (more than 100 cases in 25 years): only the girls who have a different blood type (O, A, B, AB) from the mother are anorexic and from the patient’s history, we could think of a mother/daughter blood contact during the pregnancy. There are no exceptions in my data. My new theory is that Anorexia of the Female Adolescent, in addition to the girl’s psychological causes, needs a “conditio sine qua non” (a necessary but not sufficient condition): Different mother/daughter blood types (O,A,B,AB) and traumatic contact between the two blood types during pregnancy and/or birth”.

My theory facilitates early diagnosis (Preventive Medicine) by limiting observation, for Anorexia risk, to only daughters with a different blood type than that of the mother. Recognizing this “conditio sine qua non” for Anorexia of the Female Adolescent allows us an early diagnosis and a predictive hypothesis.

No significant relationships.