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Morphological diversity of xoconostles (Opuntiaspp.) or acidic cactus pears: a Mexican contribution to functionalfoods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2012

Clemente Gallegos-Vázquez ,
Leia Scheinvar ,
Carlos A. Núñez-Colín  and
Candelario Mondragón-Jacobo
Clemente Gallegos-Vázquez
Affiliation:
Cent. Reg. Univ. Centro Norte, Univ. Auton. Chapingo, Apartado Post. 196, Zacatecas, 98001, Zacatecas, Mexico. red_nopal_rfaa@yahoo.com.mx
Leia Scheinvar
Affiliation:
Jard. Bot., Inst. Biol., Univ. Nac. Auton. México, Ciudad Univ., México D.F., 0451, México
Carlos A. Núñez-Colín
Affiliation:
Campo Exp. Bajío, Inst. Nac. Investig. For. Agríc. Pecu., Apartado Post. 112, Celaya, 38110, Guanajuato, Mexico; jacobo77@hotmail.com
Candelario Mondragón-Jacobo*
Affiliation:
Campo Exp. Bajío, Inst. Nac. Investig. For. Agríc. Pecu., Apartado Post. 112, Celaya, 38110, Guanajuato, Mexico; jacobo77@hotmail.com
*
*Correspondence and reprints

Abstract

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Introduction. Xoconostles or acidic cactus pears (Opuntiaspp.) are fruits prized for their fleshy and acidic mesocarp; theyare morphologically different from cactus pears which are sweet, juicyand seedy. Both thrive in semiarid highlands of Central Mexico,tolerate poor soils and scanty rainfall, and have evolved into formalcrops during the last five decades. Wild xoconostles are ubiquitousin Mexican semiarid regions. Domesticated genotypes are found inbackyards and commercial orchards. Folk wisdom attributes xoconostlewith antihypoglycemic effects, cholesterol control and obesity reduction.The peel presents higher antioxidant capacity than strawberry, raspberry,red plum, grapefruit, pear and apple. Our investigation describesthe main cultivars of xoconostles with horticultural value for human consumptionin Central Mexico; it contributes to the elucidation of their morphologicalrelationships. Materials and methods. Twenty-one accessions fromthe Hidalgo and Zacatecas states of Mexico were described using 27 variablesfrom cladodes, flowers and fruits; significant variables were selectedby correlation and PCA, and thereafter a cluster analysis and discriminantcanonical analysis were performed. Results. Thirteen variables werefound to be significant to discriminate accessions: cladode length, numberof rows of areoles, number of areoles in the central row, pericarplength and width, fruit length, fruit diameter, [length / diameter]ratio, areole density, receptacle depth, fruit and peel weight,and pulp acidity. Two canonical roots (Can) explained variability:Can1 (fruit areola density, acidity, number of areole rows, and numberof areoles in the central row) explained 87.55%, and Can2 (peel weight,fruit weight and fruit diameter) explained the remaining 12.45%.Discussion. Can1 was related to plant productivity, while Can2 comprisedmainly fruit quality traits. Both of these traits are of primaryinterest for human utilization and have had a clear effect on domestication. Clustersdid not match the actual taxonomic classification.

Keywords

MexicoOpuntiagenetic resourcesbiodiversityhuman feedingMexiqueOpuntiaressource génétiquebiodiversitéalimentation humaineMéxicoOpuntiarecursos genéticosbiodiversidadalimentación humana
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , March 2012 , pp. 109 - 120
Copyright
© 2012 Cirad/EDP Sciences

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