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Seasonality and range of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)host plants in orchards in Niayes and the Thiès Plateau (Senegal)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2012

Ousmane Ndiaye ,
Jean-François Vayssieres ,
Jean Yves Rey ,
Saliou Ndiaye ,
Papa Madialéké Diedhiou ,
Cheikh Tidiane Ba  and
Paterne Diatta
Ousmane Ndiaye*
Affiliation:
École Natl. Sup. Agric., ENSA, Thiès, Senegal. ousmanen@hotmail.com
Jean-François Vayssieres
Affiliation:
CIRAD-Persyst, UPR HortSys, IITA, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Bénin
Jean Yves Rey
Affiliation:
CIRAD-Persyst, UPR HortSys, ISRA/CDH, BP 484, Thiès, Senegal
Saliou Ndiaye
Affiliation:
École Natl. Sup. Agric., ENSA, Thiès, Senegal. ousmanen@hotmail.com
Papa Madialéké Diedhiou
Affiliation:
UFR S2ATA, UGB, BP 234, Saint Louis, Senegal
Cheikh Tidiane Ba
Affiliation:
Dep. Anim. Biol., FST, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Paterne Diatta
Affiliation:
École Natl. Sup. Agric., ENSA, Thiès, Senegal. ousmanen@hotmail.com
*
*Correspondence and reprints
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Abstract

Introduction. Senegal producesup to 150,000 t of fruit, of which 60,000 t are mangoes. Fruit productionis important for the Niayes region, where 60% of total productionis of mangoes, with citrus production coming next at 24%. Mango losseshave become more substantial since the arrival of Bactrocerainvadens in Senegal. The pest population increases in the mangoripening period, but little is known about its secondary hosts. Materialsand methods. Fruits of cultivated and wild plants were collectedregularly from April to December 2008 inside and around 19 orchards ineleven localities in the Niayes and Thiès areas in Senegal. Thesamples were monitored to identify any fruit flies present so thata list of host plants could be compiled. For mango, the study focusedon establishing the influence of certain parameters such as thevariety, the fruit size, the color, the flowering pattern and thephysiological levels of infestation due to B. invadens andCeratitis cosyra. Orchards were classified either as traditional (manymango varieties and many fruit species grown together in a stand) orintensive (fields of monovarietal mango trees), according to theircomposition and how they were managed. Results and discussion.A total of 663.2 kg of fruit, including those of 24 mango varieties,13 citrus species with five lime varieties, two orange varietiesand four pomelo varieties along with other cultivated and wild plants,were sampled both as fallen fruit and from the trees. Traditional orchardswere more infested than the modern ones. B. invadens was significantlydominant over the other flies emerging such as C. cosyra, C. capitata, C. punctata, C. bremii,Bactrocera cucurbitae, Capparimyia bipustulata, Carpomyia sp. and Dacus sp.B. invadens wasfound on the 24 varieties of Mangifera indica,the 13 citrus species, and the other cultivatedplants and wild plants sampled. Some host plants supported a relativelyhigh level of fruit flies before the mango ripening period. Mangifera indica wasinfested principally by B. invadens and C. cosyra. C. cosyra was significantly present on the firstfruit trees to flower, mostly in early varieties, while B.invadens infested all the varieties whatever the fruitdevelopment stage, the color, or the flowering pattern. Conclusion.Because of the host plants' diversity and varieties the traditionalorchards were more infested than the modern ones. The managementof this pest needs an Integrated Pest Management system based ona back-to-basics study of the infesting fruit flies, existing parasitoidsand their hosts.

Keywords

Senegalfruit cropshost plantsMangifera indicaCitrusTephritidaeBactrocera invadensCeratitis cosyraorchardssamplingSénégalplante fruitièreplante hôteMangifera indicaCitrusTephritidaeBactrocera invadensCeratitis cosyravergeréchantillonnageSenegalfrutalesplantas huéspedesMangifera indicaCitrusTephritidaeBactrocera invadensCeratitis cosyrahuerto frutalmuestra
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 67 , Issue 5 , September 2012 , pp. 311 - 331
Copyright
© 2012 Cirad/EDP Sciences

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