Bibliography, etc.—This is just one of those cases where it is so difficult to choose between accepting names for forms which, though allied, are distinct, or simply lumping all the forms together under one specific designation, which does not exactly fit any of them. Objections more or less valid may be urged against either course, and some might be disposed to cut the Gordian knot by making new species all round. Buvignier went very closely into the varieties of the Corallian Cerithia. He points out that the true C. limœforme of Rœmer occurs rather higher than the Coral Rag, viz. in the “calcaire à astartes,” to which it is restricted. It is characterized by three rows of transverse granulations, just as shown in Rœmer’s enlarged figure, though at times a fourth or even a fifth very faint one is developed. It is difficult to say of what value these refinements may be, but certainly C. limœforme, as thus restricted, cannot be exactly identified in the Corallian of Yorkshire, where its place is occupied by forms slightly different, though in our collections they have been generally lumped together under the heading C. limœforme, Rœmer.

The subject of the recurrence of phenomena in geological time, so prominently brought forward by Prof. Ramsay in his recent address as President of the British Association, is one which cannot fail to be of interest to the geologist, as it constantly presents itself to him in all his inquiries. There are also doubtless many who are prepared to go with Prof. Ramsay to the length of his conclusions, and who believe “that from the Laurentian epoch down to the present day, all the physical events in the history of the earth have varied neither in kind nor in intensity from those which we now have experienced;” whilst others will be inclined to believe that though generally they have resembled one another in kind, yet that some have varied greatly in their intensity.

In a previous paper we have considered some of the legends which are current among the Nomades of Siberia about the Mammoth, and which were the outcome of the curious fact that whole carcases of the animal have been discovered intact and with their soft parts and external shape preserved. This fact has not only been fruitful in romance among the inhabitants of the Tundras, and among those who are attracted by strange and unusual occurrences among more civilized people, but is in itself the key to a great deal of difficulty in understanding the later changes that have occurred in the northern hemisphere.

As so much remains to be done before the Palæozoic Polyzoa can be properly classified—more particularly the Carboniferous species—it seems to me that the wisest course to adopt is to go carefully over the work of other authors, reviewing their labours generally, and giving, in as condensed a form as possible, the results of their varied efforts.

These caves, whose original mouths are now probably destroyed or concealed by rubbish, open at present into a quarry in a limestone knoll on the townland of Carrigagower (‘ Rock of the Goat’), three or four miles south of Middleton. They are not broad nor lofty, but have extensive ramifications, especially that one which opens into the north-west part of the quarry. At its eastern end, and at a depth of 20 feet from the surface, the quarry is crossed by a cave now exposed by the removal of its western side. This cave runs in the line of a joint or fissure, and penetrates the rock north and south.

Geol. Mag. for July, 1880, page 301, line 2, for Port Dinorwic read Carnarvon.