In 1849 Professor J. D. Dana described certain leaves from the Illawarra District and Newcastle, New South Wales, occurring in the Upper Coal-measures. To these he gave the name of Noeggerathia spathulata and N. media. Long after, in 1879 to be exact, Dr. O. Feistmantel established his genus Noeggerathiopsis for the reception of similar leaves from the Talchir-Kararbari Beds of the Lower Gondwana System, and from his remarks it may, by inference, be concluded that Dana's were included in the new genus also. This inference is justified by Feistmantel's later definite reference of these leaves to Noeggerathiopsis; at the same time he added another species, N. prisca, from the Lower Coal-measures at Greta. He believed them to be closely allied with Cycadeaceae.

From the descriptions already given, and from a general survey of the literature of the subject, it is apparent that scheelite is a frequent associate of wolframite in the lodes of magmatic origin. In fact, a certain number of the occurrences already cited, especially in the second part of this paper, might almost as well have been described as scheelite deposits, since the two minerals are found in something like equal quantities. This applies, for example, to a large number of the American and Canadian occurrences, to those of the Malay States, and others. This is only to be expected from general considerations, since gases or solutions containing chemically active tungsten compounds coming in contact with calcareous material would naturally tend to form calcium tungstate. The same applies to lead-bearing minerals; hence in a few instances lead tungstate, stolzite, has been found in association with scheelite. It is of interest to note that scheelite often contains from 1 to 3 per cent of molybdenum. Wolframite and scheelite are often found in lodes and other masses very closely intergrown, and in many cases there is evidence of much pseudomorphism. In some cases scheelite has clearly replaced wolframite, while in other cases the reverse holds. The law governing the paramorphism of these minerals is somewhat obscure, and it is not easy to say anything definite on the subject. In this direction further investigation is required, although the point is not perhaps of much practical importance.

It has long been recognized that, in early Eocene times, while the “Calcaire de Mons” was being deposited in the Belgian area, large tracts of the Upper Chalk were removed by denudation from the south-east of England. The true extent of the unconformity between the Chalk and our oldest Eocene strata is now to be seen only where the Eocene cover yet remains. Even where the Chalk is so covered, the unconformity must have been accentuated to some extent in consequence of the solvent action of percolating carbonated waters, the evidence of which is familiar to us as “pipes” in the Chalk filled with Eocene strata, and the persistent bed of unworn, green-coated flints (“Bull-head” Bed) which everywhere occurs between our lowest Eocenes and the Chalk; but such secondary action is likely to have been more or less uniform throughout the whole area beneath the Tertiary cover.

In South-Central Western Australia, in the physiographic division which the writer has termed the Central or Salt Lake Division, in a large portion of which the average annual rainfall is about 10 inches per annum, numerous “dry” lakes or playas occur. These have been described and the question of their origin has been discussed by various authors. They have been differently regarded as due to glacial, marine, and wind action; also as the remains of old Tertiary rivers now largely obliterated by drifting sands; and also (in part) as deformation basins. Most writers agree that they have been formed under subaerial conditions, and probably most will ultimately agree that deformation is responsible for some at least of the lakes, or has aided in their formation.

The type of this section is the Lower Devonian species Homalonotus Herscheli (Murchison) from South Africa and the Falkland Isles. The characters of the section were stated by Salter to be as follows: “Elongate, convex; head triangular, eyes approximate on gibbous cheeks. Glabella distinct, lobeless, spinous. Thorax slightly lobed and spinous, as is also the many-ribbed pointed tail.” It should at once be stated that the type-species has neither a lobeless nor a spinous glabella, and Salter apparently added in these characters from the Rhenish H. armatus, Burm., which he included in the section. The only British form quoted by Salter is one from Devonshire based on a pygidium which does not conform to the above definition and was described under the name H. elongatus. Woodward, in reviewing the Devonian species of Homalonotus, follows Salter in including the latter species in Burmeisteria.