We characterize real hypersurfaces of type (A) and ruled real hypersurfaces in a complex projective space in terms of two φ-invariances of their shape operators, and give geometric meanings of these real hypersurfaces by observing their some geodesics.

If R is a local (Noetherian) ring, it is well known that R is regular if and only if its completion is regular. It is the purpose of this note to show that a similar result is true for Noether lattices.

We compare the probability of generating with a given number of random elements two almost simple groups with the same socle $S$. In particular we analyse the case $S\,{=}\,{\psl}(2,p)$.

Let G be a finite group. The symmetric genus σ(G) is the minimum genus of any Riemann surface on which G acts faithfully. We show that if G is a group of order 2m that has symmetric genus congruent to 3 (mod 4), then either G has exponent 2m−3 and a dihedral subgroup of index 4 or else the exponent of G is 2m−2. We then prove that there are at most 52 isomorphism types of these 2-groups; this bound is independent of the size of the 2-group G. A consequence of this bound is that almost all positive integers that are the symmetric genus of a 2-group are congruent to 1 (mod 4).

Modular curves like X0(N) and X1(N) appear very frequently in arithmetic geometry. While their complex points are obtained as a quotient of the upper half plane by some subgroups of SL2(ℤ), they allow for a more arithmetic description as a solution to a moduli problem. We wish to give such a moduli description for two other modular curves, denoted here by Xnsp(p) and Xnsp+(p) associated to non-split Cartan subgroups and their normaliser in GL2(𝔽p). These modular curves appear for instance in Serre's problem of classifying all possible Galois structures of p-torsion points on elliptic curves over number fields. We give then a moduli-theoretic interpretation and a new proof of a result of Chen (Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 77(1) (1998), 1–38; J. Algebra231(1) (2000), 414–448).

Throughout the paper K denotes a fixed algebraically closed field. All algebras considered are finite-dimensional associative K-algebras with a unit element. Moreover, they are assumed to be basic and connected. For an algebra A we denote by mod(A) the category of all finitely generated right A-modules, and mod(A) denotes the stable category of mod(A), i.e. mod(A)/℘ where ℘ is the two-sided ideal in mod(A) of all morphisms that factorize through projective A-modules. Two algebras A and B are said to be stably equivalent if the stable categories mod(A) and mod(B) are equivalent. The study of stable equivalences of algebras has its sources in modular representation theory of finite groups. It is of importance in this theory whether two stably equivalent algebras have the same number of pairwise non-isomorphic nonprojective simple modules. Another motivation for studying stable equivalences appears in the following context. If E is a K-algebra of finite global dimension then its derived category Db(E) is equivalent to the stable category mod(Ê) of the repetitive category Ê of E [15]. Thus the problem of a classification of derived equivalent algebras leads in many cases to a classification of stably equivalent selfinjective algebras.

Quaternionic vector mKDV equations are derived from the Cartan structure equation in the symmetric space = Sp(n+1)/Sp(1) × Sp(n). The derivation of the soliton hierarchy utilizes a moving parallel frame and a Cartan connection 1-form ω related to the Cartan geometry on modelled on . The integrability structure is shown to be geometrically encoded by a Poisson–Nijenhuis structure and a symplectic operator.

Let K be a totally real number field of degree r. Let K∞ denote the cyclotomic -extension of K, and let L∞ be a finite extension of K∞, abelian over K. The goal of this paper is to compare the characteristic ideal of the χ-quotient of the projective limit of the narrow class groups to the χ-quotient of the projective limit of the rth exterior power of totally positive units modulo a subgroup of Rubin–Stark units, for some $\overline{\mathbb{Q}_{2}}$-irreducible characters χ of Gal(L∞/K∞).

Let ℍ be the division ring of real quaternions. Let SL(2, ℍ) be the group of 2 × 2 quaternionic matrices $A={\scriptsize{(\begin{array}{l@{\quad}l} a & b \\ c & d \end{array})}}$ with quaternionic determinant det A = |ad − aca−1b| = 1. This group acts by the orientation-preserving isometries of the five-dimensional real hyperbolic space. We obtain discreteness criteria for Zariski-dense subgroups of SL(2, ℍ).

In this paper, relative pictures are used to analyze a certain family of exponent-sum two equations over groups.

In this paper we give a new bound for the solutionsx of the title equation, provided that k \ge 8. This bound is polynomial in d. Moreover, under the same condition, a similar bound for the number of solutions in (x, k, y, l) is given.

For a nontrivial additive character \lambda and a multiplicative character \chi of the finite field with q elements (q a power of an odd prime), and for each positive integer r, the exponential sums \sum \lambda ((\tr w)^r) over w\in {SO}(2n+1,q) and \sum \chi (\det w)\lambda ((\tr w)^r) over {O}(2n+1,q) are considered. We show that both of them can be expressed as polynomials in q involving certain exponential sums. Also, from these expressions we derive the formulas for the number of elements w in {SO}(2n+1,q) and {O}(2n+1,q) with (\tr w)^r=\beta , for each \beta in the finite field with q elements.

For a function u harmonic in the unit disk , there holds the inequality where p > 0 and β > −1, and .

We study the Friedrichs extensions of unbounded cyclic subnormals. The main result of the present paper is the identification of the Friedrichs extensions of certain cyclic subnormals with their closures. This generalizes as well as complements the main result obtained in [5]. Such characterizations lead to abstract Galerkin approximations, generalized wave equations, and bounded -functional calculi.

We prove that a finite index regular inclusion of $II_1$ -factors with commutative first relative commutant is always a crossed product subfactor with respect to a minimal action of a biconnected weak Kac algebra. Prior to this, we prove that every finite index inclusion of $II_1$ -factors which is of depth 2 and has simple first relative commutant (respectively, is regular and has commutative or simple first relative commutant) admits a two-sided Pimsner–Popa basis (respectively, a unitary orthonormal basis).

We present the concept of cotorsion pairs cut along subcategories of an abelian category. This provides a generalization of complete cotorsion pairs, and represents a general framework to find approximations restricted to certain subcategories. We also exhibit some connections between cut cotorsion pairs and Auslander–Buchweitz approximation theory, by considering relative analogs for Frobenius pairs and Auslander–Buchweitz contexts. Several applications are given in the settings of relative Gorenstein homological algebra, chain complexes, and quasi-coherent sheaves, as well as to characterize some important results on the Finitistic Dimension Conjecture, the existence of right adjoints of quotient functors by Serre subcategories, and the description of cotorsion pairs in triangulated categories as co-t-structures.

For any central simple algebra over a field F which contains a maximal subfield M with non-trivial automorphism group G = AutF(M), G is solvable if and only if the algebra contains a finite chain of subalgebras which are generalized cyclic algebras over their centers (field extensions of F) satisfying certain conditions. These subalgebras are related to a normal subseries of G. A crossed product algebra F is hence solvable if and only if it can be constructed out of such a finite chain of subalgebras. This result was stated for division crossed product algebras by Petit and overlaps with a similar result by Albert which, however, was not explicitly stated in these terms. In particular, every solvable crossed product division algebra is a generalized cyclic algebra over F.

Functorial semi-norms on singular homology give refined ‘size’ information on singular homology classes. A fundamental example is the ℓ1-semi-norm. We show that there exist finite functorial semi-norms on singular homology that are exotic in the sense that they are not carried by the ℓ1-semi-norm.

This paper is inspired by a counter example of J. Kurzweil published in [5], whose intention was to demonstrate that a certain property of linear operators on finite-dimensional spaces need not be preserved in infinite dimension. We obtain a stronger result, which says that no infinite-dimensional Banach space can have the given property. Along the way, we will also derive an interesting proposition related to Dvoretzky's theorem.

It is proven that, for a wide range of integers s (2 < s < p − 2), the existence of a single wildly ramified odd prime l ≠ p leads to either the alternating group or the full symmetric group as Galois group of any irreducible trinomial Xp + aXs + b of prime degree p.