Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:13:35.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cereal stemborer distribution and abundance, and introduction and establishment of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Mozambique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

D. Cugala  and
C. O. Omwega
D. Cugala
Affiliation:
Eduardo Mondlane University, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, P. O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique
C. O. Omwega
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

Field surveys carried out in Mozambique showed that two indigenous cereal stemborers, Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and one exotic stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are the main pests of maize and sorghum in the country. Busseola fusca was abundant at high altitudes (> 800 m) and Ch. partellus was abundant at low altitudes (< 800 m). Sesamia calamistis occurred at all elevations but in low numbers. Of the three stemborers, Ch. partellus was the most widespread and abundant pest of maize followed by B. fusca. Therefore, a programme was initiated to introduce the exotic parasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to increase natural suppression of Ch. partellus populations. Cotesia flavipes was introduced into southern Mozambique for the first time in November 1996. Additional releases were subsequently carried out in several places in southern and central Moz imbique from 1998–2000. The parasitoid was recovered from all localities sampled 1 to 3 years after its introduction, indicating that this exotic parasitoid had established in the southern and central regions of Mozambique.

Résumé

Des enquêtes menées sur le terrain au Mozambique ont montré que les foreurs des tiges de céréales indigènes Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) et Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) et un foreur des tiges exotique, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), sont les principaux ravageurs du maïs et du sorgho dans le pays. Busseola fusca est abondant à hautes altitudes (> 800 m) and Ch. partellus est abondant à basses altitudes (< 800 m). Sesamia calamistis est présent à toutes les altitudes mais en faible nombre. Parmi les trois foreurs des tiges, Ch. partellus est le ravageur le plus largement répandu et le plus abondant suivi par B. fusca. Aussi, un programme a été lancé pour introduire le parasitoïde exotique Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) afin d'augmenter la régulation naturelle des populations de Ch. partellus. Cotesia flavipes a été introduit dans le sud du Mozambique pour la première fois en novembre 1996. Des lâchers supplémentaires ont été par la suite réalisés dans plusieurs localités du sud et du centre du Mozambique entre 1998 et 2000. Le parasitoïde a été retrouvé dans toutes les localités échantillonnées 1 et 3 ans après son introduction, indiquant qu'il s'est établi dans les régions du sud et du centre du Mozambique.

Keywords

stemborersparasitoidsCotesia flavipesbiological controlestablishmentMozambiqueforeur des tigesparasitoïdesCotesia flavipeslutte biologiqueacclimatationMozambique
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 2001 , pp. 281 - 287
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ariyanayagan, R.P. (1983) Guia para investigação e produção de mapira em Moçambique. INIA. Documento de Campo No. 1, 19–20.Google Scholar
Berger, A. (1981) Biological control of the spotted stalkborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in maize by using the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. Annual report 1979/1980. INIA, Project UNDP/FAO MOZ/ 75/009. 19 pp.Google Scholar
Berger, A. (1994) Using natural pesticides: current and future perspectives. A report for the Plant Protection Improvement Programme in Botswana, Zambia and Tanzania: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, pp. 7–11.Google Scholar
Cugala, D., Overholt, W. A., Santos, L. and Giga, D. (1999) Performance of Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as biological control agents against cereal stemborers in Mozambique. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 7, 497–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, G., Cumbi, S. and Tocoro, C. (1995) Brocas de milho. Uma contribuição para o seu estudo no planalto de Lichinga, Niassa. INIA, Série Investigação No. 21. 40 pp.Google Scholar
Gonçalves, M.L. (1970) A broca do milho, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em Moçambique. Contribuição para o seu estudo. Agronomia. Moçambicana. 4(4), 239–246.Google Scholar
Jimenez, H. and Mugabe, I. (1990) Sorghum improvement trials in Mozambique 1988/89, pp. 171–177. In Proceedings of the Sixth Regional Workshop on Sorghum and Millets for Southern Africa, 18–22 September 1989, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. SADCC/ICRISAT.Google Scholar
Kfir, R. (1995) Parasitoids of the African maize stem borer, Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in South Africa. Bull. Entomol. Res. 85, 369–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kfir, R. (1992) Seasonal abundance of the stem borer Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and it's parasites on summer grain crops. J. Econ. Entomol. 85, 518–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee Uwen, J.V. and Zucula, P.F. (1987) Introdução à investigação de sistemas de agràrios. INIA Série Agronomia. No. 4. Maputo. 18 pp.Google Scholar
Mohyuddin, A. I. and Greathead, D. J. (1970) An annotated list of the parasitoids of graminaceous stem borers in East Africa, with a discussion of their potential in biological control. Entomophaga 15, 241–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngi-Song, A., Overholt, W. A. and Ayertey, J. N. (1995) Suitability of African graminaceous stemborers for development of Cotesia flavipes and C. sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environ. Entomol. 24, 978–984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Oever, R. (1990) Fitossanidade. Levantamento da situação fitossanitéria no sector familiar no regadio de Chokwe 1982/1990. INIA, Serie Investigação No. 10, 19–25.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A. (1995) A Review of Classical Biological Control of Gramineous Stemborers in Africa. ICIPE, Nairobi. 40 pp.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A., Ochieng, J. O., Lammérs, P. and Ogedah, K. (1994) Rearing and field release methods for Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a parasite of tropical gramineous stemborers. Insect Sci. Applic. 15, 253–259.Google Scholar
Polaszek, A. and Walker, A. K. (1991) The Cotesia flavipes species complex: Parasitoids of cereal stemborers in the tropics. Redia 74, 335–341.Google Scholar
SAS Institute (1996) User's Guide: Statistics, software release 6.12. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Segeren, P., Oever, H. A. van den and Slobbe, W. (1995) Seasonal abundance, damage, cultural control methods and varietal resistance of the four main pest and disease problems in irrigated maize in Southern Mozambique. Insect Sci. Applic. 16, 263–277.Google Scholar
Segeren, P., Rafae, E. and Sitoi, V. (1991) Milho. Principais doenças e pragas. Relatòrio de Ensaios realizados no regadio do Chokwe, 1986/1990. INIA Serie Investigação No. 10, 15–18.Google Scholar
Sithole, S. Z. (1988) A review of yield losses and damage caused by maize stemborer in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, pp. 72–87. In Crop Protection for Small-scale Farms in E. and C. Africa—A Review (Edited by Prinsley, R.T. and Terry, P.J.). Commonwealth Science Council.Google Scholar
Sithole, S. Z. (1989) Sorghum stemborers in Southern Africa, pp. 41–47. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sorghum Stemborers, 17–20 November 1987. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India.Google Scholar
Sithole, S. Z. (1994) Distribution and economic importance of sorghum stem borers in Zimbabwe. PhD Thesis. University of Zimbabwe, Harare.Google Scholar
Skoroszewski, R. W. and Van Hamburg, H. (1987) The release of Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) against stalk borers of maize and grain sorghum in South Africa. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 50, 249–255.Google Scholar
Spittel, M. C. and Slobbe, W. (1987) O controlo integral de brocas, listrado e mildio na cultura de milho na área de regadio de Chokwé (Gaza). UEM/INIA, Maputo. 24 pp.Google Scholar
Van Hamburg, H. (1979) The grain-sorghum stalk borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): seasonal changes in adult populations in sorghum in the Transvaal. J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr. 42, 11–18.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, G. D. J. and Bate, R. (1986) Preliminary studies on the relative abundance and distribution of stalk borers, Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus. Summer Grain Centre Tech. Commun. No. 212, 49–52.Google Scholar