The creation of a clinical research protocol is a long and rigorous process. The first part of this paper is a guide for the creation of such a protocol that is designed to outline the different stages from the first conception of the project to its application and then to its acceptance by important institutions. We also list the various participants.

In the second section of the paper, we present a multi-centered and randomized clinicalresearch project that compares the effectiveness of orthodontic mini-screw anchorage with traditional dento-alveolar anchorage within the framework of a case treated with the extraction of two maxillary premolars.

Apical root resorption is one of the principal undesirable side effects associated with orthodontic treatment. It is provoked by a number of etiological causes, most often mechanical in nature and can be aggravated by biological factors that are not yet clearly understood. The objective of our study was to determine the influence of anomalies in dental organogenesis on the occurrence of root resorption. We analyzed the radiographs of maxillary incisors taken before and after treatment of 85 patients observed by the same practitioner. The results of our study suggest that patients with dental anomalies, anomalies of dental conformation, especially of the type of microdontia/thin root, have an increased risk of suffering from apical root resorption of maxillary central incisors during the course of orthodontic treatment.

The aim of this article is to present a precise periodontal terminology that orthodontists can use to clarify communication between orthodontists treatment and their patients. What’s mean periodontal issues that arise in adult orthodontic treatment, what the purpose of the discussion? In general terms we refer, of course, to mechano-therapy for adults and to the periodontal diseases that arise with this class of patients and to the treatment that is available for these maladies. Orthodontists who treat adult patients and record procedures in careful way need to rely upon a precise periodontal vocabulary so that, as group leaders, they can communicate effectively with other members of the inter-disciplinary treatment team as well as with patients. In the management of this effort, orthodontists are responsible for referring patients to periodontists when it’s necessary and for keeping the lines of communication open between patients, andperiodontists.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a frequently occurring childhood malady, whose is incidence is largely underestimated, that can lead to serious complications. Because of their understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the masticatory apparatus and of the upper airways, orthodontist are in a strategic position to detect in their young patients developing disorders in these regions; accordingly when they suspect the existence of OSAS they should ask systematic and well targeted questions of parents who may not be aware of the relationship between certain symptoms their children display and sleep breathing problems. The goal of this article is to provide practitioners with a better understanding of the symptoms and the physio-pathological mechanics of OSAS so that they can spare their afflicted patients the complications it provokes by seeing that early treatment is undertaken.

There has been a considerable increase in the clinical use of lasers in dentistry over the past thirty years, especially in orthodontics. But clinicians who have not yet made their decisions about participating in this technological revolution can be perplexed by the great variety of wave lengths available, the vast number of machines that can be used to employ them, and the complexity of the principles of physics upon which lasers beams are based.

The objective of this article is to give practitioners a better understanding of the indications for the use of the various types of lasers.

The goal of this study was to discern the nature of the transverse changes that a treatment of sequence propulsions with Herbst connecting rods with no expansion component produced. Thirty one patients treated with Herbst connecting arms9,14,15 attached to splints that had no expansion screw were selected. After this propulsion stage, treatment for these patients was continued with appliances that also had no expansion component. On study models, we recorded distances between opposite first molars and measured angular variations of these teeth in the frontal plane. We compared these figures with Moorrees12 tables that furnish natural increase in transverse distance and used the Marshall11 table to give a base measurement of natural angular modifications (“torque”). Our results showed that a sequence of propulsion treatment created enough adaptation of the shape of the upper arch to make the application of expansion mechanics unnecessary.

In this article we describe a method for maintaining periodontal health that we have used in a quasi-systematic fashion in our orthodontie treatment of patients with chronic Periodontitis. Taking charge of their periodontal care and stabilizing their teeth are obligatory first steps in their orthodontic therapy. Then we ask them to initiate careful brushing by mechanical or sonic techniques.

During the course of orthodontic treatment these adult patients have routine monthly visits for essential periodontal therapy that consists of plaque removal and smoothing of the root surfaces of all teeth and implants with Vector Pro® and its carbon and composite inserts associated with hydroxylapatite and hydrogen peroxide. These monthly visits for periodontal care together with mechanical or sonic tooth brushing at home have effectively contributed to the long term stability of our results, from both orthodontic and periodontal perspectives.

Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are caused by repetitive dynamic closure of the oropharyngeal airway. There exists substantial and growing epidemiologic evidence that OSA is associated with a variety of systemic conditions, including but not limited to, systemic hypertension, stroke, congestive heart failure, increased motor vehicle accidents, impaired quality of living and mortality. There is an equal amount of literature on the use of dental appliances as a treatment modality for OSA. The object of this report is to review the literature in regards to three vital aspects of this disease: a) the etiology and sequela of OSA; b) the dental management of the condition and its mode of action; and lastly, c) the positive and negative outcomes/risks, of dental management.

Does the technique employed create a specific post-treatment arch form? To answer this question we compared the arches at the close of treatment of patients treated by the Tweed technique with those treated by the Damon technique. We analyzed 78 plaster models using the computer program. Procluso in an attempt to standardize assessment of the arch forms. The post-treatment arch form surimposition showed no differences between arches of patients treated by Tweed therapy and arches of patients treated by Damon technique. Regression and discrimination tests were used in order to calculate and visualize singles differences in form between the three samples used in our study (patients treated by Tweed therapy without extraction, patients treated by Tweed therapy with extractions and patients treated by Damon therapy without extractions). This is the outcome of differences located at the level of position of teeth related to the shape of dental arch form. On the other hand dental arch forms are nearly similar in the various samples. Arch form was just more harmonious, more well rounded with good continuity of buccal surfaces when practitioners used pre-adjusted Damon brackets compared to braces with no built-in torque employed in Tweed therapy.

The relevance of this paper consists in comparing the practitioner’s view to general public opinion. Orthodontists learned to evaluate facial profiles in a critical way, with reference to standards. They have developed personal appreciations to gauge a balanced profile. But, because orthodontic treatment implies achieving an aesthetic effect, the practitioner must know what is the optimal objective according to the public opinion. Our study deals with the aesthetic assessment of teenagers’ profiles in Class II (Corner and Ballard) by professional examiners and lay people. These profiles have been modified by simulating mandibular protrusion.

More and more adults are beginning orthodontic treatment because they want to regain the smile they had when they were 20 years-old and to diminish the signs of aging their faces present to degrees that depend upon the severity of their dento-facial deformity.

The dental esthetic criteria that are sought after and regained with treatment are, primarily straightening and whitening of teeth, and a smooth appearance of the teeth and their mutual contours, predominantly in the upper incisor area as well as a regular, broad smile line in harmony with the lower lip. In addition to these dental guide lines, additional important consideration should be taken of the relationship of the size and bulk of the teeth with respect to facial type and the absence of any strain in lip posture.

Orthodontic treatment, in correcting malocclusions of varying severity, can effectively join with other specialties in creating a younger smile line for patients and eliminating many signs of aging.

Orthodontists, thanks to their keen appreciation of facial morphology and their skills in making functional examinations, are ideally placed to detect breathing problems in their patients that can require an ENT assessment, with special attention paid to the evaluation of sleep patterns. After a site of obstruction, resulting from a soft tissue anomaly and/or a narrowing of the airway passage through bone, has been established, orthodontists may be called upon to undertake corrective treatment sometimes in conjunction with a surgical procedure.

The use of implants to replace congenitally missing teeth is a-predictable esthetic Solution that is, paradoxically less invasive than the traditional reliance on bridges to supply the missing elements because it demands little or no sacrifice of dental tissue. But this noble goal cannot be achieved unless we can assure prospective patients that the results will be stable and esthetically satisfying over the long term. This is an issue of primordial importance in view of the tender age of the patients that are the usual candidates for this treatment modality for agenesis. And no such assurance can be proffered unless we deal with the problem in a multi-disciplinary fashion from the very outset of treatment planning. We must evaluate the space needed for a replacement not just from the standpoint of the prosthetic requirements alone but also with an assessment of the associated osseous and gingival tissues in the framework of a tri-dimensional implantplacement.