The work that led to this paper was carried out within a project also exploring categories such as affix and clitic, entitled “Germanic possessive -s: An empirical, historical, and theoretical study.” The project is funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (United Kingdom), and we gratefully acknowledge their support. The comments by the two anonymous referees led to a number of improvements to this paper, and conversations with Ricardo Bermdez-Otero and John Payne clarified some specific issues. We are particu-larly grateful to Michael Barnes and Nigel Vincent, who generously took the time to read and comment on the whole paper in its draft version. We apologize for not having been able to take all of their comments into account.