Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:50:45.212Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Perceived Coach Support and Concussion Symptom-Reporting: Differences between Freshmen and Non-Freshmen College Football Players

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Christine M. Baugh ,
Emily Kroshus ,
Daniel H. Daneshvar  and
Robert A. Stern
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Concussion is a form of traumatic brain injury that has been defined as a “trauma-induced alteration in mental status that may or may not involve loss of consciousness.” Terms such as getting a “ding” or getting your “bell rung” are sometimes used as colloquialisms for concussion, but inappropriately downplay the seriousness of the injury. It is estimated that between 1.6 and 3.8 million concussions occur annually in the United States as a result of participation in sports or recreational activities. To date, there are no objective, biological markers for concussion; rather, the current diagnosis of concussion is dependent upon symptom reporting by the athlete. In the acute phase, concussions can result in a broad spectrum of symptoms that can be transient or last for days, weeks, or even months. Symptom prolongation is generally referred to as post-concussion syndrome.

Type
Symposium
Information
Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , Fall 2014 , pp. 314 - 322
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Broglio, S. P. Cantu, R. C. Gioia, G. A.et al, “National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Sport Concussion,” Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 2 (2014): 245–265;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Academy of Neurology, “Practice Parameter: The Management of Concussion in Sports (Summary Statement),” Neurology 48, no. 3 (1997): 581–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Id. (American Academy of Neurology).Google Scholar
Langois, J. A. Rutland-Brown, W. Wald, M. M., “The Epidemiology and Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Brief Overview,” Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 21, no.5 (2006): 375–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchi, N. Bazarian, J. J. Puvenna, V.et al, “Consequences of Repeated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Football Players,” PLOS ONE 8, no. 3 (2013): E56805;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazarian, J. J. Zhu, T. Blyth, B. Borrino, A. Zhong, J., “Subject-Specific Changes in Brain White Matter on Diffusion Tensor Imaging after Sports-Related Concussion,” Magnetic Resonance Imaging 30, no. 2 (2013): 171–180;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koerte, I. K. Kaufmann, D. Hartl, E.et al, “A Prospective Study of Physician-Observed Concussion during a Varsity University Hockey Season: White Matter Integrity in Ice Hockey Players,” Part 3 of 4, Neurosurgical Focus 33, no. 6 (2012): 1–7;.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hampshire, A. Macdonald, A. Owen, A. M., “Hypoconnectivity and Hyperfrontality in Retired American Football Players,” Scientific Reports 3, no. 2972 (2013): 1–8;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breedlove, E. L. Robinson, M. Talavage, T. M.et al, “Biomechanical Correlates of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Neurophysiological Impairment in High School Football,” Journal of Biomechanics 45, no. 7 (2012): 1265–1272;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talavage, T. M. Nauman, E. A. Breedlove, E. L.et al, “Functionally-Detected Cognitive Impairment in High School Football Players without Clinically-Diagnosed Concussion,” Journal of Neurotrauma 31, no. 4 (2013): 327–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture (National Academies Press: Washington, D.C., 2013).Google Scholar
Giza, C. C. Kutcher, J. S. Ashwal, S.et al, “Summary of Evidence-Based Guideline Update: Evaluation and Management of Concussion in Sports: Report of the Guildeline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology,” Neurology 80 (2013): 2250–2257;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrory, P. Meeuwise, W. H. Aubry, M.et al, “Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport: The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Zurich,” British Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 5 (2014): 250–258;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herring, S. A. Cantu, R. C. Guskiewicz, K. M.et al, “Concussion (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury) and the Team Physician: A Consensus Statement, 2011 Update,” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, no. 12 (2011): 2412–2422;.Google Scholar
Sady, M. D. Vaughan, C. G. Gioia, G. A., “School and the Concussed Youth: Recommendations for Concussion Education and Management,” Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 22, no. 4 (2011): 701–719;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, N. J. Mannix, R. C. O'Brien, M. J.et al, “Effect of Cognitive Activity Level on Duration of Post-Concussion Symptoms,” Pediatrics 133, no. 2 (2014): 1–6;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valovich McLeod, T. C. Gioia, G. A., “Cognitive Rest: The Often Neglected Aspect of Concussion Management,” Athletic Therapy Today 15, no. 2 (2010): 1–3.Google Scholar
Stern, R. A. Daneshvar, D. H. Baugh, C. M.et al, “Clinical Presentation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy,” Neurology 81, no. 13 (2013): 1122–1129;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKee, A. C. Cantu, R. C. Nowinski, C. J.et al, “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy after Repetitive Head Injury,” Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 68, no. 7 (2009): 709–735;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKee, A. C. Gavett, B. E. Stern, R. A.et al, “TDP-43 Proteinopathy and Motor Neuron Disease in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy,” Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 69, no. 7 (2010): 918–929;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKee, A. C. Stern, R. A. Nowinski, C. J.et al, “The Spectrum of Disease in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy,” Brain: A Journal of Neurology 136, Part 1 (2013): 43–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiebe, D. J. Comstock, R. D. Nance, M. L., “Concussion Research: A Public Health Priority,” Injury Prevention 17, no. 1 (2011): 69–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broglio, S. P. Guskiewicz, K. M., “Management of Collegiate Sport-Related Concussions,” in Concussions in Athletics (Springer: New York, 2014): At 313–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, J. Devitt, B. Green, J. McCarthy, C., “Concussion among Under 20 Rugby Union Players in Ireland: Incidence, Attitudes and Knowledge,” Irish Journal of Medical Sciences 182, no. 1 (2013): 121–125;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroshus, E. Daneshvar, D. H. Baugh, C. M. Nowinski, C. J. Cantu, R. C., “NCAA Concussion Education in Ice Hockey: An Ineffective Mandate,” British Journal of Sports Medicine 48 (2014): 135–140;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Register-Mihalik, J. K. Linnan, L. A. Marshall, S. W.et al, “Using Theory to Understand High School Aged Athletes' Intentions to Report Sport-Related Concussion: Implications for Concussion Education Initiatives,” Brain Injury 27, nos. 7–8 (2013): 878–886;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrea, M. Hammeke, T. Olsen, G. Leo, P. Guskiewicz, K., “Unreported Concussion in High School Football Players: Implications for Prevention,” Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine 14 (2004): 13–17;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majerske, C. W. Mihalik, J. P. Ren, D.et al, “Concussion in Sports: Postconcussive Activity Levels, Symptoms, and Neurocognitive Performance,” Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 3 (2008): 265–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broglio, S. P. Vagnozzi, R. Sabin, M. Signoretti, S. Tavazzi, B. Lazzarino, G., “Concussion Occurrence and Knowledge in Italian Football (Soccer),” Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 9, no. 3 (2010): 418–430.Google Scholar
Povlishock, J. T., “The Window of Risk in Repeated Head Injury,” Journal of Neurotrauma 30, no. 1 (2013): 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerr, Z. Y. Register-Mihalik, J. K. Marshall, S. W. Even-Son, K. R. Mihalik, J. P. Guskiewicz, K. M., “Disclosure and Non-Disclosure of Concussion and Concussion Symptoms in Athletes: Review and Application of the Socio-Ecological Framework,” Brain Injury (forthcoming, 2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Kroshus, , supra note 10;.Google Scholar
McCrea, , supra note 10.Google Scholar
Id. (Kroshus);Google Scholar
see Register-Mihalik, , supra note 10;.Google Scholar
Chrisman, S. P. Quitituit, C. Rivara, F. P., “Qualitative Study Barriers to Concussive Symptom Reporting in High School Athletics,” Journal of Adolescent Health 52, no. 3 (2013): 330–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daneshvar, D. H. Nowinski, C. J. McKee, A. C. Cantu, R. C., “The Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion,” Clinics in Sports Medicine 30, no. 1 (2011): 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudd, S. Dumlao, J. Erdmann-Sager, D.et al, “Stress at College: Effects on Health Habits, Health Status and Self-Esteem,” College Student Journal 34 (2000): 217–227;.Google Scholar
Oppenheimer, B. T., “Short-Term Small Group Intervention for College Freshmen,” Journal of Counseling Psychology 31, no. 1 (1984): 45–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papanikolaou, Z. Nikolaidis, D. Patsiaouras, A. Alexopoulos, P., “The Freshman Experience: High Stress-Low Grades,” Athletic Insight: The Online Journal of Sport Psychology 5, no. 4 (2003), available at <http://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol5Iss4/Commentary.htm>(last visited July 31, 2014).Google Scholar
Id;.Google Scholar
Wilson, G. Pritchard, M., “Comparing Sources of Stress in College Student Athletes and Non-Athletes,” Athletic Insight: The Online Journal of Sport Psychology 7, no. 1 (2005): 1–8.Google Scholar
See Papanikolaou, et al, supra note 18.Google Scholar
IdGoogle Scholar
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupational Employment Wages, May 2013,” available at <http://www.bls.gov/oes/CURRENT/oes272022.htm>(last visited July 23, 2014).(last+visited+July+23,+2014).>Google Scholar
USA Today, “2013 NCAAF Coaches Salaries,” 2013, available at <http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/salaries/>(last visited July 23, 2014>).(last+visited+July+23,+2014>).>Google Scholar
Holmes, P., “Win or Go Home: Why College Football Coaches Get Fired,” Journal of Sports Economics 12, no. 2 (2011): 157–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U., “Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development,” American Psychology 32, no. 7 (1977): 513–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Kerr, et al, supra note 13.Google Scholar
See Chrisman, et al, supra note 15.Google Scholar
Kroshus, E. Kubzansky, L. D. Goldman, R. E. Austin, S. B., “Norms, Athletic Identity, and Concussion Under-Reporting among Male Collegiate Ice Hockey Players: A Prospective Cohort Study,” Annals of Behavioral Medicine (forthcoming, 2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ajzen, I., “The Theory of Planned Behavior,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50 (1991): 179–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Register-Mihalik, , supra note 10;.Google Scholar
Chrisman, , supra note 15;.Google Scholar
Kroshus, E. Baugh, C. M. Daneshvar, D. H. Viswanath, K., “Understanding Concussion Reporting Using a Model Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior,” Journal of Adolescent Health 54, no. 3 (2014): 269–274.e2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adler, P. A. Adler, P., “Intense Loyalty in Organizations: A Case Study of College Athletics,” Administrative Science Quarterly 33, no. 3 (1988): 401–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Kerr, et al, supra note 13.Google Scholar
Sarmiento, K. Mitchko, J. Klein, C. Wong, S., “Evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Concussion Initiative for High School Coaches: Heads Up: Concussion in High School Sports,” Journal of School Health 80, no. 3 (2010): 112–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, C. Pemberton, C., “An Examination of Idaho High School Football Coaches General Understanding of Concussion,” The Sport Journal 14, no. 5 (2011): 34–43.Google Scholar
O'Donoghue, K. M. Onate, J. A. Van Lunen, B. L. Peterson, C. L., “Assessment of High School Coaches' Knowledge of Sport-Related Concussions,” Athletic Training and Sports Health Care 1, no. 3 (2009): 120–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomei, K. L. Doe, C. Prestigiacomo, C. J.et al, “Comparative Analysis of State-Level Concussion Legislation and Review of Current Practices in Concussion,” Neurosurgical Focus 33, no. 6 (2012): 1–9;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, H. H., “Reducing Traumatic Brain Injuries in Youth Sports: Youth Sports Traumatic Brain Injury State Laws, January 2009-December 2012,” American Journal of Public Health 103, no. 7 (2013): 1249–1254;.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baugh, C. M. Kroshus, E. Bourlas, A. P. Perry, K. I., “Requiring Athletes to Acknowledge Receipt of Concussion-Related Information and Responsibility to Report Symptoms: A Study of the Prevalence, Variation, and Possible Efficacy,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 42, no. 3 (2014): 297–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robbins, C. A. Daneshvar, D. H. Picano, J. D.et al, “Self-Reported Concussion History: Impact of Providing a Definition of Concussion,” Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 5 (2014): 99–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar