Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:57:28.989Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phylogenetics, systematics, paleoecology, and evolution of the trilobite genera Paladin and Kaskia from the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

David K. Brezinski
David K. Brezinski*
Affiliation:
Maryland Geological Survey, 2300 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Late Mississippian and earliest Pennsylvanian trilobite faunas of North America are dominated by the Paladin and Kaskia clades. Phylogenetic analysis of middle Carboniferous species of these clades demonstrates the close ancestral relationship between these groups. The Kaskia clade consists of eight species: K. chesterensis Weller, 1936, K. osagensis (Cisne, 1967), K. longispina (Strong, 1872), K. wilsoni (Walter, 1924), K. genevievensis (Walter, 1924), K. rosei (Cisne, 1967), K. gersnai n. sp., and K. rollinsi n. sp. Kaskia Weller, 1936 ranges from late Osagean to middle Chesterian (early Visean-early Serpukhovian) and is restricted to cyclothemic shelf and nearshore deposits. Species of Kaskia appear to have evolved in areas of shallow water and high environmental stress. The Paladin clade consists of 12 species including previously named species P. morrowensis (Mather, 1915), P. girtyianus Hahn and Hahn, 1970, P. rarus Whittington, 1954, P. helmsensis Whittington, 1954, and P. moorei (Branson, 1937). New species belonging to this clade are Paladin moorefieldensis n. sp., P. pleisiomorphus n. sp., P. imoensis n. sp., P. mangeri n. sp., and P. wapanukaensis n. sp. This group ranges from the early Chesterian to early Morrowan (late Viseanlate Bashkirian). Species of Paladin appear to be confined to outer shelf shelf-edge and off-shelf facies where presumably deeper water environments existed. This is manifested in their paleogeographic distribution, which is paleoenvironmentally controlled.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 82 , Issue 3 , May 2008 , pp. 511 - 527
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Branson, C. C. 1937. Stratigraphy and fauna of the Sacajawea formation, Mississippian, of Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology, 11:650–660.Google Scholar
Brezinski, D. K. 1983. Paleoecology of the Upper Mississippian trilobite Paladin chesterensis in southwestern Pennsylvania. The Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, 61:2–7.Google Scholar
Brezinski, D. K. 1987. Spergenaspis: A new Carboniferous trilobite genus from North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 56: 245–251.Google Scholar
Brezinski, D. K. 1988. Appalachian Carboniferous trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 62:934–945.Google Scholar
Brezinski, D. K. 1989. Late Mississippian depositional patterns in the north-central Appalachian Basin, and their implications to Chesterian hierarchal stratigraphy. Southeastern Geology, 30:1–23.Google Scholar
Brezinski, D. K. 1998. Lower Mississippian trilobites from starved basin deposits of the south-central United States. Journal of Paleontology, 72: 718–725.Google Scholar
Brezinski, D. K. 1999. The rise and fall of late Paleozoic trilobites in the United States. Journal of Paleontology, 73:164–175.Google Scholar
Brezinski, D. K. 2003. Evolutionary and biogeographic implications of phylogenetic analysis of the late Paleozoic trilobite genus Paladin. In Lane, P. D., Siviter, D., and Fortey, R. A. (eds.), Trilobites and their relatives. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 70:363–375.Google Scholar
Brezinski, D. K. 2005. Paleobiogeographic patterns in Late Mississippian Trilobites of the United States with new species from Montana. Annals of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 74:77–89.Google Scholar
Chamberlain, C. K. 1969. Carboniferous trilobites: Utah species and evolution in North America. Journal of Paleontology, 43:41–68.Google Scholar
Cisne, J. L. 1967. Two new trilobites of the genus Paladin. Journal of Paleontology, 41:1267–1273.Google Scholar
Cook, T. D. and Bally, A. W. 1975. Stratigraphic atlas of North and Central America. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey, 272 p.Google Scholar
Easton, W. H. 1943. The fauna of the Pitkin formation of Arkansas. Journal of Paleontology, 17:125–154.Google Scholar
Ehlers, G. M. and Humphrey, W. E. 1944. Revision of E.A. Strong's species from the Mississippian Point au Gres Limestone of Grand Rapids, Michigan. Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Contributions, 6:113–130.Google Scholar
Girty, G. H. 1910. New genera and species of Carboniferous fossils from the Fayetteville shale of Arkansas. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 20:189–238.Google Scholar
Girty, G. H. 1926. The macrofauna of the limestone of Boone age, p. 24–43. In Roundy, P. V., Girty, G. H., and Goldman, M. I. (eds.), Mississippian Formations of San Saba County, Texas. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 146.Google Scholar
Gordon, M. 1969. Trilobites, p. 35–39. In Gordon, M., Sando, W. J., Pojeta, J., Yochelson, E. L., and Sohn, I. G. (eds.), Revision of some of Girty's invertebrate fossils from the Fayetteville Shale (Mississippian) of Arkansas and Oklahoma. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 606.Google Scholar
Gordon, M. and Yochelson, E. L. 1975. Gastropoda, cephalopoda, and trilobita of the Amsden Formation (Mississippian and Pennsylvanian) of Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 848-F.Google Scholar
Grayson, R. C. 1979. Stop description-fifth day, p. 67–76. In Sutherland, P. K. and Manger, W. L. (eds.), Ozark and Ouachita shelf-to-basin transition Oklahoma-Arkansas. Ninth International Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, Guidebook 19, 81 p.Google Scholar
Hahn, G. and Brauckmann, C. 1975. Revision zweier Trilobiten-Arten aus dem Perm Asien. Geologica et Paleontologica, 9:117–124.Google Scholar
Hahn, G. and Hahn, R. 1970. Trilobitae carbonici et permici II, p. 161–335. In Westphal, F. (ed.), Fossilium Catalogus 1. Animalia, 120.Google Scholar
Hessler, R. R. 1965. Lower Mississippian trilobites of the family Proetidae in the United States, Pt. 2, Journal of Paleontology, 39:248–265.Google Scholar
Levi-Setti, R. 1975. Trilobites. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 213 p.Google Scholar
McKinney, F. K. and Gault, H. W. 1980. Paleoenvironment of Late Mississippian fenestrate bryozoans, eastern United States. Lethaia, 13:127–146.Google Scholar
Mather, K. F. 1915. The fauna of the Morrow group of Arkansas and Oklahoma. Bulletin of Science Laboratories of Denison University, 18:59–284.Google Scholar
Ormiston, A. R. 1966. Occurrence of Australosutura (Trilobita) in the Mississippian of Oklahoma, U.S.A. Palaeontology, 9:270–273.Google Scholar
Osmolska, H. 1970. Revision of non-cyrtosymbolinid trilobites from the Tournaisian-Namurian of Eurasia. Palaeontologica Polonica, 165 p.Google Scholar
Reed, F. R. C. 1942. Some new Carboniferous trilobites. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9:649–672.Google Scholar
Shimer, H. W. and Shrock, R. R. 1944. Index fossils of North America. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 837 p.Google Scholar
Snider, L. C. 1915. Paleontology of the Chester Group in Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 24:67–122.Google Scholar
Strong, E. A. 1872. Notes upon the fossil remains of the Lower Carboniferous limestone exposed at Grand Rapids, Michigan. Kent Science Institute, Miscellaneous Papers 3, 6 p.Google Scholar
Sutherland, P. K. and Manger, W. L. 1979. Comparison of Ozark and Ouachita basin facies for upper Mississippian and lower Pennsylvanian series in eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas, p. 1–13. In Sutherland, P. K. and Manger, W. L. (eds.), Ozark and Ouachita shelf-to-basin transition Oklahoma-Arkansas. Ninth International Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, Guidebook 19, 81 p.Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L. 2002. PAUP. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Swann, D. H. 1964. Late Mississippian rhythmic sediments of the Mississippi Valley. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 48: 637–658.Google Scholar
Walter, O. T. 1924. Trilobites of Iowa and some related Paleozoic forms. Iowa Geological Survey Annual Report, 31:169–400.Google Scholar
Weller, J. M. 1936. Carboniferous trilobite genera. Journal of Paleontology, 10:704–714.Google Scholar
Weller, J. M. 1959. Phillipsiidae, p. 0399–0403. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. O, Arthropoda I. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1954. Two silicified Carboniferous trilobites from West Texas. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 122:1–16.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1997. Morphology of the exoskeleton, p. 1–85. In Whittington, H. B., Chatterton, B. D. E., Speyer, S. E., Fortey, R. A., Owens, R. M., Chang, W. T., Dean, W. T., Jell, P. A., Laurie, J. R., Palmer, A. R., Repina, L. N., Rushton, A. W. A., Shergold, J. H., Clarkson, E. N. K., Wilmont, N. V., and Kelly, S. R. A. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Trilobita, Pt. O, Revised. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas.Google Scholar