Investigaciones preliminares en Tecoh, Izamal, Yucatán, sitio a donde aparentemente fue traslada la cabecera del señorío de Ah-Kin Chel, han aportado nuevas evidencias sobre los acontecimientos que afectaron a la comunidad maya durante los primeros años de la dominación española. Algunas casas construídas a la manera occidental y que pertenecieron a la nobleza indígena constituyen ejemplos relevantes de la arquitectura civil del siglo XVI en México, y ponen de manifiesto la importancia que esta clase aún mantenía en la sociedad. El temprano abandono de Tecoh, resulta de gran valor para las investigaciones, pues las construcciones coloniales sufrieron pocas modificaciones y las prehispánicas no fueron totalmente arrasadas.

Se abordan cuatro temas en la replica a Iriarte et. al (en este volumen): 1) Reconstrucciones paleoclimáticas, analizando la baja resolución del registro de Iriarte (2006), limitaciones del procedimiento de muestreo, sistema acuático elegido y dataciones. Se responde a las criticas sobre las inferencias paleoclimdticas realizadas, indicando que no consideran el total de las líneas de evidencia utilizadas ni la escala del registro y señalando la buena correspondencia con reconstrucciones propuestas para la región. 2) Evidencias de aldeas estructuradas en sitios con estructuras monticulares. Observamos las argumenlaciones esgrimidas para el sitio de Los Ajos, refiriendolas al contexto arqueológico de la región. Se responde a nuestra supuesta falta de observation de cambios culturales y ambientales, señalándose los problemas de las secuencias culturales propuestas. Se retoma el problema de la mecánica de construcción de los montículos como cuestión inicial a la horn de interpretar el registro y postular secuencias culturales. 3) Dataciones, desarrollando el concepto de fechados de baja resolutión y su pertinencia en la propuesta del Modelo de Crecimiento Continuo para las estructuras monticulares. 4) Por último se observa las implicaciones de la confusión entre la cuenca del Plata y la cuenca de la Laguna Merín.

Rosenswig's discussion of the sculptural chronology of Izapa contains some inaccuracies that require correction. The dates of the monuments at Izapa also require further evaluation.

Se presentan los primeros resultados obtenidos del estudio tecnológico-funcional de un conjunto de 55 cabezales de hachas o azuelas líticas asignadas al período prehispánico tardío (1500–360 años aP) de las Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina. A partir del análisis de sus atributos tecnológicos (peso, agudeza y largo de los filos, etc.) y de los rastros de uso utilizando aumentos de 20–50x, se argumenta que un número significativo de instrumentos fue utilizado para realizar tareas que involucraron el contacto con sedimentos abrasivos, probablemente para cortar y arrancar elementos leñosos del sotobosque a nivel del suelo. Una proporción del conjunto evidenció rastros de uso exclusivamente asociados al trabajo sobre maderas, como pulido y micro-estrías restringidas a la periferia de los filos. Se concluye que los grupos tardíos desarrollaron artefactos pulidos costosos para cumplir efectivamente con la apertura y mantenimiento de claros en el bosque serrano, ya sea para el cultivo, la construcción de viviendas o incrementar la capacidad reproductiva de plantas silvestres de las cuales dependían, entre otros motivos. De esta manera, comprender la función de las hachas o azuelas tardías es fundamental para discutir las actividades productivas y la modificación antrópica del paisaje propuesta para la región a fines del Holoceno.

Two modified skulls from Pacbitun, Belize, one with a glyphic text, match ancient Maya depictions of trophies fashioned from war captives and worn by elite warriors.

En este artículo se describe y analiza los últimos hallazgos realizados durante la investigación del conjunto amurallado Gran Chimú, en la ciudad de Chan Chan, capital del reino de Chimo (900-1470 dC), en la costa norte de Perú. Después de analizar las características arquitectónicas de las entradas y la presencia de hornacinas con estatuillas de madera en Gran Chimú y en otros conjuntos de Chan Chan, planteamos que las hornacinas y estatuas son adiciones arquitectónicas tardías. Proponemos que los personajes representados están asociados con los rituales funerarios y el culto al ancestro representado por la momia del rey. A partir de ello, reforzamos la idea de los conjuntos amurallados como palacios que se trasforman en mausoleos reales a la muerte de los reyes chimúes.

To describe the structure of production and the organization of exchange of obsidian chipped stone during the Middle Postclassic period (AD 1200–1350) in south-central Veracruz, Mexico, I analyzed 65 residential inventories from the center of Sauce and its hinterland. Previous research on obsidian production found a spatial association with Sauce, which could support the political administration of exchange, or alternatively, identify market exchange nearby. I argue that reliance on spatially based models alone for identifying exchange mechanisms is not advisable because of potential equifinality, in which different forms of exchange appear alike. Local obsidian artifacts have additional interpretive complications: they come from a single geological source, there was universal access to them, and they were employed in potentially specialized activities. I used the articulation of production combined with spatial distribution and residential contextual information to distinguish between redistribution and market exchange. Results indicate that market exchange is the main mechanism. The largest concentrations of primary production indicators and the highest quantities of blade segments were found near the Sauce center, which suggest that political elites at Sauce encouraged market exchange, although they did not direct it to the extent that they were controlling significant amounts of obsidian.

We revisit the age and typological character of “Pox Pottery” that was reported in the 1960s by Charles Brush who considered it to be uniquely early (~2440 BC). Investigating the same two sites in coastal Guerrero where Brush excavated, we recovered Early Formative ceramics, some with the “pox” attribute. Here, we report potsherd frequencies for these deposits at both sites according to regional ceramic typologies, as well as AMS 14C dates used to establish a Bayesian stratigraphic chronology for each site to better constrain the age of these Early Formative period deposits. We argue that “Pox Pottery” is not a ceramic type per se and that the “pox” attribute occurs in multiple Early Formative period ceramic types. The earliest pottery is similar to other Red-on-Buff ceramic traditions from the Central Mexican Highlands and west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Our chronological work demonstrates that these ceramics date between 1820 and 1400 cal BC, consistent with other recent studies indicating an early age of Red-on-Buff ceramics and suggesting shared cultural traditions distinct from the contemporary Locona interaction sphere that emerged in parallel.

This article discusses the composition of prehispanic diets based on the isotopic composition (δ13C, δ15N) of 10 human samples dated between 3600 and 1300 BP from the Cajón Valley in Northwest Argentina. The sample is the only one available for the time and region considered and covers a 2,300-year range. It shows long-term tendencies in the consumption of food resources during a time when people were experimenting with and eventually domesticating plants and animals in the high-altitude Southern Calchaquíes valleys. Results indicate that animals contributed more to the diet than was expected and plants correspondingly less than expected. This proportion was maintained even during the human occupations associated with the agropastoral villages of Cardonal and Bordo Marcial (ca. 2000 BP) when a greater contribution of plant resources—in particular maize—would be expected. This new evidence demonstrates the diversity of productive strategies used by the societies of Northwest Argentina at the beginning of the Formative period. A variety of resources contributed to daily food intake, minimizing the importance of maize in the diet.

This article examines the use of cooking vessels from Early Postclassic (AD 900–1250) Xaltocan, Mexico, through residue analysis of ceramic sherds. The analysis combined phytolith and starch analyses with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Because our understanding of prehispanic foodways in central Mexico is based largely on sources that describe or depict Aztec practices in the sixteenth century, we ask how foods were similar or different prior to the Aztecs. We also seek a better understanding of how plainware vessels were used in prehispanic times. Although there is long-term continuity in the preparation of foods such as tamales and corn gruels, we find that additional foods such as tuber-based stews were prepared in the Early Postclassic. In addition, some ceramic vessels, such as comales and crude bowls, had a wider range of food preparation functions than expected.

Sload (2015) disregards stratigraphic data from the Sun Pyramid and misinterprets our radiocarbon dates that re-evaluates Teotihuacan ceramic chronology.

This paper examines an eighteenth-century roof in Chinchero, Peru to show the critical role played by roofs in Andean communities across time. Roofs can reveal identity constructions, continuation of traditions, adaptations to new influences, and relationships to local environments and the sacred. We present a discussion of the importance of roofs in architectural history, the critical role played by roofs in Inca architecture, and a description of the colonial period roof in Chinchero, along with its facture, dates of construction, botanical identification, and the environmental zones from where these items could have been gathered.

In this report, we present a new 14C of 9627–9490 cal BC (8640 ± 30 BP) obtained at the Intihuasi Cave, San Luis, Argentina. The sample was obtained during fieldwork conducted as part of a new management plan for tourist use of the site. Intihuasi has played a central role in the history of archaeological investigations in South America. There, in 1951 González applied for the first time a systematic methodology for archaeological excavations in Argentina. Moreover, he complemented his field results with the obtainment of the first radiocarbon dates for the Southern Cone of South America. These achievements allowed him to build the first macroregional chronological sequence, which is still partially used. The new radiocarbon date presented in this article aims to reconsider the importance of the Intihuasi Cave for the discussion of the macroregional peopling of the Southern Cone of South America. We believe that the site ratifies the occurrence of an Andean population vector in the region.

Archaeology is increasingly employing remote sensing techniques such as airborne lidar (light detection and ranging), terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and photogrammetry in tropical environments where dense vegetation hinders to a great extent the ability to understand the scope of ancient landscape modification. These technologies have enabled archaeologists to develop sophisticated analyses that overturn traditional misconceptions of tropical ecologies and the human groups that have inhabited them in the long term. This article presents new data on the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia that reveals the extent to which its ancient societies transformed this landscape, which is frequently thought of as pristine. By recursively integrating remote sensing and archaeology, this study contributes to interdisciplinary scholarship examining ancient land use and occupation in densely forested contexts.

Sealings recovered from the Omo M10 temple, a provincial center of the Andean Tiwanaku state (AD 500–1100), and from the Muru Ut Pata neighborhood of the Tiwanaku capital, as well as a signet ring from the Akapana East complex of Tiwanaku's highland capital, shed light on the hitherto undocumented use of seals and sealings in Central Andean complex society. The identification of Tiwanaku sealings related to the signet ring seal has implications for understanding the transmission of identity, authority, and authenticity over time and distance in early Andean states.

As insignia of power and prestige, Inka unku (tapestry tunics) communicated the strength and extent of Inka sociopolitical hegemony in the Andes. Of the 36 known full-size examples in museum collections, only one, found in Argentina, comes from outside Peru. This article investigates another recently excavated unku found out of context on Chile's northernmost coast. To confirm its authenticity, we compiled a database showing the technical and stylistic attributes of previous finds for comparison. We conclude that this artifact is indeed a new type of unku and that the discovery affects our understanding of the complex relationship between the people of this province and the Inka state.

En este trabajo examinamos los vínculos existentes entre una serie de cambios arquitectónicos-espaciales que tuvieron lugar en el ingenio azucarero Lastenia durante las últimas décadas del siglo diecinueve y las dinámicas sociales que caracterizaron a la industria azucarera en estos años. Para ello, analizamos una serie de viviendas destinadas a obreros y propietarios de la unidad productiva, apoyándonos en metodologías procedentes de la arqueología histórica, la arquitectura, el diseño y el análisis arqueológico de configuraciones espaciales. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el entorno fabril estudiado estuvo caracterizado por relaciones sociales jerárquicas, de control social y disciplinarias que quedaron plasmadas a nivel arquitectónico y en la distribución espacial de las estructuras analizadas. Si bien el estudio de las relaciones sociales en contextos agroindustriales azucareros ha sido desarrollado desde disciplinas como la historiografía, ha recibido poca atención por parte de la arqueología.

Los recientes datos metalúrgicos y culturales provenientes de cuatro sitios en La Cuenca de Sayula, Jalisco, han permitido ampliar y plantear nuevos conocimientos acerca de la metalurgia prehispánica del Occidente de México. Por primera vez un conjunto amplio de datos contextualizados permite relacionar distintos complejos técnicos con tradiciones culturales específicas. En el conjunto de objetos se identificaron los dos complejos técnicos característicos de la metalurgia del Occidente de México (período 1 y 2). Estos complejos están asociados con cuatro tradiciones culturales diferentes (Aztatlán, Sur de Jalisco, Amacueca y Tarasca) en el marco de una secuencia que abarca unos siete siglos (800–1532 d.C.). Los nuevos datos aquí presentados muestran que ambos complejos fueron contemporáneos durante unos 200 años, en los sitios de La Peña y Caseta, evidenciando desarrollos tecnológicos paralelos. Además, el sitio de Caseta presenta una de las fechas más tempranas asociadas con aleaciones metálicas registradas hasta el momento en Mesoamérica (cal. 1040–1290 d.C.). Asimismo, el asentamiento evidencia un desarrollo pre-tarasco del complejo tecnológico del período 2, cuyas raíces podrían estar en el Sur de Jalisco y Colima, de acuerdo a la evidencia arqueológica.