Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:30:42.367Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Political and Psychological Correlates of Conflict Management: A Cross-Cultural Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2024

Klaus-Friedrich Koch ,
John A. Sodergren  and
Susan Campbell
Klaus-Friedrich Koch
Affiliation:
University of Virginia
John A. Sodergren
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Conflict between individuals and between groups is a normal part of social life. The necessity of coping with disputes and emnity is universal, but societies differ in the ways they deal with conflict. Six basic modes of procedure of conflict management that fall into two major classes can be distinguished: triadic procedures; i.e., those in which the settlement of a dispute depends on the intervention of a third party (adjudication, arbitration, mediation) and dyadic procedures (negotiation, coercion, avoidance.). In the dyadic modes one or both principal parties must necessarily rely on self-help in processing a dispute, though possibly with the help of partisan supporters or representatives. Avoidance occurs when one principal withdraws from the conflict situation [“exit” in Hirschman's (1970) terminology]. By coercion, the threat or use of force, one principal imposes the outcome of a dispute and alone determines his concesssion, if any, to the opponent. Negotiation, once initiated by one of the principals, requires the cooperation of both parties and, if successful, leads to the settlement of a dispute by bilateral agreement.

Type
Research Article
Information
Law & Society Review , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , Spring 1976 , pp. 443 - 466
Copyright
Copyright © 1976 The Law and Society Association.

References

ABEL, Richard L. (1974) “A Comparative Theory of Dispute Institutions in Society,” 8 Law & Society Review 217.Google Scholar
ARMOR, David and Arthur, COUCH (1972) Datatext Primer. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
BARRY, Herbert and Leonara M., PAXSON (1971) “Infancy and Early Childhood: Cross-Cultural Codes 2,” 10 Ethnology 466.Google Scholar
BAXI, Upendra (1974) “Comment—Durkheim and Legal Evolution: Some Problems of Disproof,” 8 Law & Society Review 645.Google Scholar
BRÖGGER, Jan (1968) “Conflict Resolution and the Role of the Bandit in Peasant Society,” 41 Anthropological Quarterly 228.Google Scholar
BURTON, Robert V. and John W.M., WHITING (1961) “The Absent Father and Cross-Sex Identity,” 7 Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development 85.Google Scholar
CARLSMITH, Lyn (1973) “Some Personality Characteristics of Boys Separated from Their Fathers during World War II,” 1 Ethos 466.Google Scholar
CARNEIRO, Robert L. (1967) “On the Relationship between Size of Population and Complexity of Social Organization,” 23 Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 234.Google Scholar
CARNEIRO, Robert L. (1970) “Scale Analysis, Evolutionary Sequences, and the Rating of Cultures,” in Naroll, R. and Cohen, R., eds., A Handbook of Method in Cultural Anthropology. Garden City: The Natural History Press.Google Scholar
CARNEIRO, Robert L. and Stephen F., TOBIA (1963) “The Application of Scale Analysis to the Study of Cultural Evolution,” 26 Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, Series II 196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
COLSON, E. (1953) “Social Control and Vengeance in Plateau Tonga Society,” 23 Africa 199.Google Scholar
D'ANDRADE, Roy G. (1973) “Father Absence, Identification and Identity,” 1 Ethos 440.Google Scholar
DRIVER, Harold E. (1973) “Cross-Cultural Studies,” in Honigmann, J.J., ed., Handbook of Social and Cultural Anthropology. Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
DUMOND, D.E. (1965) “Population Growth and Cultural Change,” 21 Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 302.Google Scholar
ECKHOFF, Torstein (1966) “The Mediator, the Judge and the Administrator in Conflict-Resolution,” 10 Acta Sociologica 148.Google Scholar
EMBER, Melvin (1963) “The Relationship between Economic and Political Development in Nonindustrialized Societies,” 2 Ethnology 228.Google Scholar
FELSTINER, William L.F. (1974) “Influences of Social Organization on Dispute Processing,” 9 Law & Society Review 63.Google Scholar
FORTES, M., and E.E., EVANS-PRITCHARD, eds. (1940) African Political Systems. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. (1973) Some Historical Aspects of Law and Social Changes in the United States. Working Papers from the Program in Law and Society No. 2. University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
FULLER, Lon L. (1963) “Collective Bargaining and the Arbitrator,” 1963 Wisconsin Law Review 3.Google Scholar
FULLER, Lon L. (1971) “Mediation—Its Forms and Functions,” 44 Southern California Law Review 305.Google Scholar
GALANTER, Marc (1974) “Why the ‘Haves’ Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change,” 9 Law & Society Review 95.Google Scholar
GALTUNG, Johan (1965) “Institutionalized Conflict Resolution: A Theoretical Paradigm,” 2 Journal of Peace Research 348.Google Scholar
GLUCKMAN, Max (1959) Custom and Conflict in Africa. Glencoe: The Free Press.Google Scholar
GULLIVER, P.H. (1973) “Negotiation as a Mode of Dispute Settlement: Toward a General Model,” 7 Law & Society Review 667.Google Scholar
HARNER, Michael J. (1970) “Population Pressure and the Social Evolution of Agriculturalists,” 26 Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 67.Google Scholar
HARRINGTON, Charles (1970) Errors in the Sex-Role Behavior of Teen-Age Boys. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
HARRIS, Marvin (1968) The Rise of Anthropological Theory: A History of Theories of Culture. New York: Crowell.Google Scholar
HIRSCHMAN, Albert O. (1970) Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations and States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
HOEBEL, E. Adamson (1954) The Law of Primitive Man: A Study in Comparative Legal Dynamics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KOCH, Klaus-Friedrich (1974). War and Peace in Jalémó: The Management of Conflict in Highland New Guinea. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MARX, Karl (1904 ed.) The Critique of Political Economy. Chicago: International Library.Google Scholar
MUNROE, Robert L. and Ruth H., MUNROE (1973) “Psychological Interpretation of Male Initiation Rites: The Case of Male Pregnancy Symptoms,” 1 Ethos 490.Google Scholar
MUNROE, Robert L., Ruth H., MUNROE, and John W.M., WHITING (1973) “The Couvade: A Psychological Analysis,” 1 Ethos 31.Google Scholar
MURDOCK, George P. and Catherine, PROVOST (1973) “Measurement of Cultural Complexity,” 12 Ethnology 379.Google Scholar
MURDOCK, George P. and Douglas R., WHITE (1969) “Standard Cross-Cultural Sample,” 8 Ethnology 329.Google Scholar
MURDOCK, George P. and Suzanne F., WILSON (1972) “Settlement Patterns and Community Organization: Cross-Cultural Codes 3,” 11 Ethnology 254.Google Scholar
MURPHY, Robert F. (1957) “Intergroup Hostility and Social Cohesion,” 59 American Anthropologist 1018.Google Scholar
NADER, Laura (1965) “Choices of Legal Procedure: Shia Moslem and Mexican Zapotec,” 67 American Anthropologist 394.Google Scholar
NADER, Laura and Linda R., SINGER (1975) Dispute Resolution in the Future: What are the Choices? Unpublished paper prepared for a conference sponsored by the State Bar of California. San Diego, September 1975.Google Scholar
NAROLL, Raoul (1973) “Holocultural Theory Tests,” in Naroll, R. and Naroll, F., eds., Main Currents in Cultural Anthropology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
POLANYI, Karl (1944) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. New York: Rinehart.Google Scholar
SAWYER, Jack and Robert A., LEVINE (1966) “Cultural Dimensions: A Factor Analysis of the World Ethnographic Sample,” 68 American Anthropologist 708.Google Scholar
SCHAPERA, I. (1956) Government and Politics in Tribal Societies. London: C.A. Watts.Google Scholar
SCHWARTZ, Richard D. (1965) “Reply,” 70 American Journal of Sociology 627.Google Scholar
SCHWARTZ, Richard D. (1974) “Legal Evolution and the Durkheim Hypothesis: A Reply to Professor Baxi,” 8 Law & Society Review 653.Google Scholar
SCHWARTZ, Richard D. and James C., MILLER (1964) “Legal Evolution and Societal Complexity,” 70 American Journal of Sociology 159.Google Scholar
STEWARD, Julian H. (1955) Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
STRAUSS, David J. and Marin, ORANS (1975) “Mighty Sifts: A Critical Appraisal of Solutions to Galton's Problem and a Partial Solution,” 16 Current Anthropology 573.Google Scholar
TATJE, Terrence A. and Raoul, NAROLL (1970) “Two Measures of Societal Complexity: An Empirical Cross-Cultural Comparison,” in Naroll, R. and Cohen, R., eds., A Handbook of Method in Cultural Anthropology. Garden City: The Natural History Press.Google Scholar
THIBAUT, John and Laurens, WALKER (1975) Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
THODEN VAN VELZEN, H.U.E. and W. VAN, WETERING (1960) “Residence, Power Groups and Intra-Societal Aggression: An Enquiry into the Conditions Leading to Peacefulness within Non-Stratified Societies,” 49 International Archives of Ethnography [Part 2] 169.Google Scholar
TUDEN, Arthur and Catherine, MARSHALL (1972) “Political Organization: Cross Cultural Codes 4,” 11 Ethnology 436.Google Scholar
UDY, Stanley H. Jr. (1965) “Dynamic Inferences from Static Data,” 70 American Journal of Sociology 625.Google Scholar
VAN VELSEN, J. (1969) “Procedural Informality, Reconciliation, and False Comparisons,” in Gluckman, Max, ed., Ideas and Procedures in African Customary Law. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
VERMEULEN, C.J.J. and A. DE, RUIJTER (1975) “Dominant Epistemo-logical Presuppositions in the Use of the Cross-Cultural Survey Method,” 16 Current Anthropology 29.Google Scholar
WHITING, Beatrice B. (1965) “Sex Identity Conflict and Physical Violence: A Comparative Study,” 67 American Anthropologist [Part 2] 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHITING, John W.M. (1964) “Effects of Climate on Certain Cultural Practices,” in Goodenough, W.H., ed., Explorations in Cultural Anthropology. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
WHITING, John W.M. (1968) “Methods and Problems in Cross-Cultural Research,” in Lindzey, G. and Aronson, E., eds., 2 The Handbook of Social Psychology (2d ed.) Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
WHITING, John W.M. (1969) “The Place of Aggression in Social Interaction,” in Short, J.F. Jr., and Wolfgang, M.E., eds., Collective Violence. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.Google Scholar
WHITING, John W.M. and Beatrice B., WHITING (1975) “Aloofness and Intimacy of Husbands and Wives: A Cross Cultural Study,” 3 Ethos 183.Google Scholar
WIMBERLY, Howard (1973) “Legal Evolution: One Further Step,” 79 American Journal of Sociology 78.Google Scholar
WIRSING, Rolf (1973) “Political Power and Information: A Cross-Cultural Study,” 75 American Anthropologist 153.Google Scholar