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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 August 2016
Eddington's ‘liar problem’ received its first truly public airing in his book New Pathways in Science [1], although it enjoyed a ‘prehistory’ (beginning with a mock examination paper) more fully detailed in his later discussion [7]. As posed, it reads:
If A, B, C and D each speak the truth once in every three times (independently), and A affirms that B denies that C declares that D is a liar, what is the probability that D was speaking the truth?