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Gene-environment interaction: a central concept in multifactorial diseases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2007

Laurence Tiret
Laurence Tiret
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U525, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpétrière, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cedex, France
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Abstract

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Résumé

A la différence des mutations génétiques rares mais séveères qui causent les maladies monogéniques, les facteurs génétiques qui modulent la susceptibilité individuelle aux maladies multifactorielles (maladies cardiovasculaires, cancer, diabeète) sont des formes fréquentes, fonctionnellement différentes, des ge`nes (polymorphismes) qui ont généralement un effet modeste au niveau individuel, mais en raison de leur grande fréquence dans la population, peuvent être associés à un risque attribuable élevé. Les facteurs environnementaux peuvent révéler ou faciliter l'expression phénotypique de ces ge`nes de susceptibilité. En effet, dans le cas des maladies communes, les effets génétiques peuvent etre considérablement amplifiés en présence de facteurs déclenchants. On sait maintenant que la plupart des geènes de susceptibilité aux maladies communes n'ont pas un rôle étiologique primaire dans la prédisposition a` la maladie mais agissent plutot comme des modificateurs dans la réponse a` des facteurs exoge`nes tels que le stress, l'environnement, la maladie, la prise de médicament, le régime alimentaire. Une meilleure caractérisation des interactions entre facteurs génétiques et environnementaux constitue un élément clé dans la compréhension de la pathogéneèse des maladies multifactorielles. Cet article présente trois exemples d'interaction gène-environnement dans le domaine des maladies coronariennes.

Keywords

Gene-environmment interactionCommon diseases
Type
Meeting Report
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 61 , Issue 4 , November 2002 , pp. 457 - 463
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

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