Postprandial glycaemia is associated with body mass and obesity risk(Reference Thomas, Elliot and Baur1). Low glycaemic index (GI) meals have been shown to enhance lipid utilisation and satiety(Reference Stevenson, Williams and Mash2). Steel-cut (SC) oats produce a lower glycaemic response than rolled (R) oats, with the same nutritional content, when boiled in water(Reference Granfeldt, Hagander and Björck3). Yet, the application of this for the general population is limited as many individuals prefer porridge made with milk and a sweetener. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the glycaemic and appetitive responses to porridges made with SC and R oats, milk and sweetened with honey.
In a randomised, crossover design, separated by at least 2 d, ten healthy participants [8M, 2 F; mean age 25.9(sd 2.3) years, height 178.0(sd 8.2) cm, body mass 76.6(sd 10.6) kg and BMI 24.2(sd 2.8) kg/m2], consumed porridge made from 150 ml semi-skimmed milk (Tesco, Dundee, UK), 58 g of either SC or R oats (Healthysupplies.co.uk, Bob's Red Mill, Milwaukee, OR, USA), 100 ml of water and 5 g honey (Tesco, Dundee, UK). This porridge provides 1359 kJ and 50 g of CHO (18% protein, 62% CHO, 20% fat). The porridge was cooked in a microwave oven on full power (1000 W) for 6 min. After cooking, it was left to cool for 10 min before being served. Following baseline measurements, participants were provided with the test meal along with 250 ml water which they were asked to consume within 10 min. Further measurements were taken 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the first mouthful was consumed. Capillary blood was sampled in duplicate to determine blood glucose and lactate concentrations (Biosen C_line, EKF Diagnostics, Magdeberg, Germany) and paper-based, visual analogue scales (VAS), were used to determine hunger, fullness, satisfaction, prospective food consumption, tiredness, thirst and jitteriness. Comparisons between meals were made by repeated measures ANOVA and paired samples t-tests were used to compare baseline measurements and area under the curve values between trials. Significance was accepted at P=0.05.
Baseline glucose and lactate concentrations and appetite ratings were similar on both occasions (P>0.05). Postprandial glycaemia was higher with R compared with SC (P<0.01). Incremental area under the curve values for blood glucose were higher in response to R compared with SC [92(sd 59) and 71(sd 43) mmol/l/2 h, respectively; P<0.05]. However, peak change in blood glucose concentration did not differ between trials [R, 2.38(sd 0.8); SC, 2.29(sd 0.81) mmol/l; P>0.05] The area under the curve for fullness tended to be higher with R compared with SC [6763(sd 1817) v. 5942(sd 1696) AU, P=0.08). All other subjective ratings showed no difference between trials (all P>0.05).
The processing of oats influences the glycaemic response when consumed as a milk-based porridge, with no significant effect on satiety.
