Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T16:17:02.018Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Human protein requirement: policy issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

A. A. Jackson*
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
*
Corresponding author: Professor A. A. Jackson, fax +44 23 80794945, email aaj@soton.ac.uk
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Workshop on ‘Protein and amino acid requirements and recommendations’
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

References

Beard, JJ, Huebers, HA & Finch, CA (1984) Protein depletion and iron deficiency in rats. Journal of Nutrition 114, 13961401.Google Scholar
Department of Health (1991). Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department of Health and Social Security (1979). Recommended Daily Amounts of Food Energy and Nutrients for Groups of People in the UK. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 15. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (1985). Energy and Protein Requirements. WHO Technical Report Series no. 724. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Golden, MHN (1997) Protein energy interactions in the management of severe malnutrition. Clinical Nutrition 16, S19S23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harper, AE (1987) Evolution of recommended dietary allowances – new directions? Annual Reviews of Nutrition 7, 509537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollingsworth, DF (1984) Dietary standards. Present Knowledge in Nutrition 5, 711723.Google Scholar
Hu, FB, Stampfer, MJ, Manson, JE, Rimm, E, Colditz, GA, Speizer, FE, Hennekens, CH & Willett, WC (1999) Dietary protein and risk of ischaemic heart disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, 221227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, AA (1986) Dynamics of protein metabolism and their relationship to adaptation. In Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of Nutrition 1985, pp. 402409 [Taylor, TG and Jenkins, NK, editors]. London: John Libbey.Google Scholar
Jackson, AA (1995) Salvage of urea-nitrogen and protein requirements. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 54, 535547.Google Scholar
Jackson, AA (1998) Salvage of urea-nitrogen in the large bowel: functional significance in metabolic control and adaptation. Biochemical Society Transactions 26, 231236.Google Scholar
Jackson, AA (1999 a) Limits of adaptation to high dietary protein intakes. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, S44S52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, AA (1999 b) Maternal and fetal demands for nutrients: significance of protein metabolism. In Fetal Programming: Influences on Development and Disease in Later Life, pp. 246270 [O'Brien, PMS, Wheeler, T and Barker, DJP, editors]. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.Google Scholar
Jackson, AA (2000) Nitrogen trafficking and recycling through the human bowel. In Protein, Peptides and Amino Acids in Enteral Nutrition, pp. 89108 [Furst, P and Young, V, editors]. Basel, Switzerland: S Karger AG.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, AA & Grimble, RF (1990) Malnutrition and amino acid metabolism. In The Malnourished Child, pp. 7394 [Suskind, RM and Lewinter-Suskind, L, editors]. New York: Vevey/Raven Press.Google Scholar
Jackson, AA & Margetts, BM (1993) Protein intakes in the adult population of the UK. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 44, 95104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, AA, Persaud, C, Meakins, TS & Bundy, R (1996) Urinary excretion of 5-L-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) is increased in normal adults consuming vegetarian or low protein diets. Journal of Nutrition 126, 28132822.Google Scholar
Leitch, I (1942) The evolution of dietary standards. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 11, 509521.Google Scholar
Meakins, TS & Jackson, AA (1996) Salvage of exogenous urea-nitrogen enhances nitrogen balance in normal men consuming marginally inadequate protein diets. Clinical Science 90, 215225.Google Scholar
Millward, DJ (1998) Metabolic demands for amino acids and the human dietary requirement: Millward and Rivers (1998) revisited. Journal of Nutrition 128, 2563S2576S.Google Scholar
Millward, DJ (1999 a) Optimal intakes of protein in the human diet. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, 403413.Google Scholar
Millward, DJ (1999 b) The nutritional value of plant-based diets in relation to human amino acid and protein requirements. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, 249260.Google Scholar
Millward, DJ, Jackson, AA & Price, G (1989) Human amino acid and protein requirements: current dilemmas and uncertainties. Nutrition Research Reviews 2, 109132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millward, DJ & Rivers, JPW (1988) The nutritional role of the indispensable amino acids and the metabolic basis for their requirements. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 367393.Google Scholar
National Academy of Sciences (1986) Recommended dietary allowances: scientific issues and process for the future. Food and Nutrition Board. Journal of Nutrition Education 18, 8287.Google Scholar
Rand, WM, Uauy, R & Scrimshaw, NS (1984) Protein-energy-requirement studies in developing countries: results of international research. Food and Nutrition Bulletin Suppl. 10.Google Scholar
Rose, WC (1957) The amino acid requirements of adult men. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 27, 631647.Google Scholar
Scrimshaw, NS, Waterlow, JC & Schurch, B (1996) Energy and protein requirements. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, Suppl. Google Scholar
Torun, B, Young, VR & Rand, WM (1981) Protein-energy requirements of developing countries: evaluation of new data. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. Suppl. 5.Google Scholar
Truswell, S (1983) Recommended dietary intakes. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 53, 940946.Google Scholar
Waterlow, JC (1968) Observations on the mechanism of adaptation to low protein intakes. Lancet ii, 10911097.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterlow, JC (1979) Uses of recommended intakes: the purpose of dietary recommendations. Food Policy 4, 107114.Google Scholar
Waterlow, JC (1995) Whole-body protein turnover in humans – past, present, and future. Annual Review of Nutrition 15, 5792.Google Scholar
Waterlow, JC (1996) The requirements of adult man for indispensable amino acids. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, S151S179.Google Scholar
Waterlow, JC (1999) The mysteries of nitrogen balance. Nutrition Research Reviews 12, 2554.Google Scholar
Waterlow, JC, Armstrong, DG, Fowden, L & Riley, R (1998) Feeding a World Population of More than Eight Billion People: A Challenge to Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Young, VR & Bier, DM (1987) A kinetic approach to the determination of human amino acid requirements. Nutrition Reviews 45, 289299.Google Scholar
Young, VR, Bier, DM & Pellett, PL (1989) A theoretical basis for increasing current estimates of the amino acid requirements in adult man, with experimental support. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 8092.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, VR & Pellett, PL (1990) Current concepts concerning indispensable amino acid needs in adults and their implications for international nutrition planning. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 12, 289300.Google Scholar
Young, VR, Scrimshaw, NS & Pellett, PL (1998) Significance of dietary protein source in human nutrition. In Feeding a World Population of More than Eight Billion People: A Challenge to Science, pp. 205222 [Waterlow, JC, Armstrong, DG, Fowden, L and Riley, R, editors]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar