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Impact of genetic variation on metabolic response of bone to diet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2007

Siobhán Cusack  and
Kevin D. Cashman
Siobhán Cusack*
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland
Kevin D. Cashman*
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland Department of Medicine, University College, Cork, Republic of Ireland
*
*Corresponding author: Professor Kevin D. Cashman, fax +353 21 4270244, k.cashman@ucc.ie
*Corresponding author: Professor Kevin D. Cashman, fax +353 21 4270244, k.cashman@ucc.ie
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Abstract

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There is compelling evidence to suggest that both the development of bone to peak bone mass at maturity and subsequent loss depend on the interaction between genetic, hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors. The major part (≤80%) of the age-specific variation in bone turnover and bone density is genetically determined. However, the notion of genetic determinant is of little value unless the specific genes that are involved can be identified. Most work in this area of osteoporosis research has focused on the candidate gene approach, which has identified several candidate genes for osteoporosis, including genes encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR), oestrogen receptors (α and β), apolipoprotein E, collagen type I α 1 and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, amongst many others. However, in general, findings from numerous studies of the association between such genes and various bone variables have been inconsistent. In addition to possible gene—gene interactions it is likely that there are interactions between these genes and certain environmental factors, especially nutrition, that may mediate expression of bone-related phenotypes. While these potential interactions add a level of complexity to our understanding of these apparent genetic effects on bone, identification of a role for genetic factors without knowledge of their interaction with nutrients can do little to advance prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This information is especially important because, unlike genotype, diet and nutrition can be modified. The aim of the present review is to critically evaluate current knowledge relating to candidate genes for osteoporosis, with particular emphasis on their interaction with nutrients and dietary factors in determining bone health.

Keywords

OsteoporosisGenotypeNutrientInteractions
Type
Meeting Report
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 62 , Issue 4 , November 2003 , pp. 901 - 912
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

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