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Metabolic and hormonal interactions between muscle and adipose tissue

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2007

Eva Tomas ,
Meghan Kelly ,
Xiaoqin Xiang ,
Tsu-Shuen Tsao ,
Charlotte Keller ,
Pernille Keller ,
Zhijun Luo ,
Harvey Lodish ,
Asish K. Saha  and
Roger Unger
...Show all authors
Eva Tomas
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Diabetes Unit, Boston University Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
Meghan Kelly
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Diabetes Unit, Boston University Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
Xiaoqin Xiang
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Diabetes Unit, Boston University Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
Tsu-Shuen Tsao
Affiliation:
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA, USA
Charlotte Keller
Affiliation:
The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Pernille Keller
Affiliation:
The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Zhijun Luo
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Diabetes Unit, Boston University Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
Harvey Lodish
Affiliation:
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA, USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
Asish K. Saha
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Diabetes Unit, Boston University Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
Roger Unger
Affiliation:
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Neil B. Ruderman*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics and Diabetes Unit, Boston University Medical Center, Boston MA, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Professor N. B. Ruderman, fax +1 617 6387094, email nruderman@medicine.bu.edu
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Abstract

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From the perspective of a muscle physiologist, adipose tissue has long been perceived predominantly as a fuel reservoir that provides muscle and other tissues with NEFA when exogenous nutrients are insufficient for their energy needs. Recently, studies have established that adipose tissue is also an endocrine organ. Among the hormones it releases are adiponectin and leptin, both of which can activate AMP-activated protein kinase and increase fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and probably other tissues. Deficiencies of leptin or leptin receptor, adiponectin and IL-6 are associated with obesity, insulin resistance and a propensity to type 2 diabetes. In addition, a lack of adiponectin has been linked to atherosclerosis. Whether this pathology reflects a deficient activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in peripheral tissues remains to be determined. Finally, recent studies have suggested that skeletal muscle may also function as an endocrine organ when it releases the cytokine IL-6 into the circulation during sustained exercise. Interestingly, one of the apparent effects of IL-6 is to stimulate lipolysis, causing the release of NEFA from the adipocyte. Thus, hormonal communications exist between the adipocyte and muscle that could enable them to talk to each other. The physiological relevance of this cross talk clearly warrants further study.

Keywords

AdiponectinIL-6AMP-activated protein kinaseMalonyl-CoAEnergy homeostasisInsulin resistance
Type
Symposium 6: Adipose tissue–liver–muscle interactions leading to insulin resistance
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , May 2004 , pp. 381 - 385
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

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