Dietary pattern analysis, usually using data generated from FFQ data, is a valuable tool for investigating relationships between diet and chronic disease(Reference Mente, de Koning and Shannon1). Dietary patterns representing diets high in fat have been associated with markers of CVD risk(Reference Mente, de Koning and Shannon1). As circulating fatty acid levels also provide an indicator of dietary intake(Reference Ma, Folsom and Shahar2) then derived patterns using the same techniques used for creating dietary patterns may also be associated with CVD risk. Circulating fatty acid levels are also related to metabolic disturbances associated with the metabolic syndrome and CVD, as a result of disturbances in the activity of enzymes that catalyse fatty acid desaturation (Δ desaturases)(Reference Vessby, Gustafsson and Tengblad3).
Thus, patterns of fatty acids and desaturase activity were determined in plasma and an investigation conducted into how these patterns were related to 10-year CVD risk estimates calculated using the criteria used by the Joint British Societies(4) in a middle-aged male population in the UK. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed to define fatty acid patterns in 379 men aged 30–49 years. Logistic regression analyses were then carried out to investigate the relationship between these fatty acid patterns and 10-year CVD risk estimates. Three patterns were generated from the PCA: high SFA; high n-3; high MUFA.
Results from logistic regression analyses show that a 1 sd increase in the SFA pattern score was positively associated with an increased likelihood of being in the 10-year CVD risk category (OR 1.71 (95% CI 1.33, 2.20); P<0.0001) even after adjustment for BMI (Table). There were no significant relationships between scores for the high-n-3 and the high-MUFA patterns and category of CVD risk (Table).
Table. OR of having a ≥10% 10-year risk of CVD for a 1 sd increase in plasma fatty acid scores
These results provide evidence that, as with dietary patterns, the overall combination of fatty acids ingested may be more important in relation to the development of CVD risk, with high levels of SFA associated with higher 10-year risk of CVD.
