Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-v2bm5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-08T16:46:52.299Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 December 2024

Edited by
Min Jiang  and
Luca Belli
Min Jiang
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Luca Belli
Affiliation:
Fundação Getulio Vargas Law School
Type
Chapter
Information
Digital Sovereignty in the BRICS Countries
How the Global South and Emerging Power Alliances Are Reshaping Digital Governance
 , pp. 275 - 282
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

1996 Constitution of South Africa, 102
3D Printing, 92
5G, 22, 24, 139
Aadhaar, 57, 59, 136
ActivityPub, 198
Africa, 29, 81, 150
Africa Continental Free Trade Area, 24
Africa–Europe, 84
African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), 96, 101
African Union, 84, 90, 238
Agreement on Cooperation in Ensuring International Information Security, The, 52
Airtel, 136
algorithmic sovereignty, 22
Alibaba, 29, 50, 121
Alibaba Cloud, 139
Alipay, 115
Alphabet, 31
AmaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism NPC, 99
Amazon, 31, 50, 118, 120, 135, 137–138, 140, 177, 193, 230
Amazon Insurance, 137
Amazon Pay, 137
Amazon Web Services (AWS), 135, 138, 146, 177
Amazon.in, 137
América Móvil, 140
America’s Information Edge, 45
Andreesen, Marc, 232
Android, 136, 139
Anglo-Saxon, 57
Ant Financial, 29
AP, 47
Apache, 190
API, 116–117, 122–123
Apple, 50, 139, 193, 230
Arab, 15
Arab Republic of Egypt, The, 237
Arab Spring, The, 181
Argentine Republic, The, 237
ARPANET, 47
artificial intelligence (AI), 5, 22, 59, 72, 85, 146, 150, 229, 231–232
Asia, 29
Asia-Pacific, The, 14
Association of ISP (ISPA), The, 97
Astana Declaration, The, 51
AT&T, 222
ATM, 110, 121
Australia, 138, 193
autonomy, 5, 7–8, 12, 18, 20–21, 23–24, 27–28, 31–32, 34–35, 84–85, 109, 115–16, 124–127, 130–132, 134, 147, 190, 193–196, 204–205, 209, 212–213, 220–221, 223–224, 227, 237
Azure, 139
B2W, 140
Baidu, 50
Bandung Conference, 15
Barcelona, 196
Barlow, John Perry, 7, 25–26, 83, 107–108
BBC, 47, 178
Beijing, 46, 50, 79, 121
Belle Epoque, 138
Belt and Road Initiative, The, 14, 68, 150, 229
Benevolent Dictators for Life (BDFL), 192
Bezos, Jeff, 31
BHIM, 119, 121
Big Tech, 120, 135, 140–141, 182, 184, 212
Blocking Rules, The, 72–74
Bodin, Jean, 2
Bolivia, 196
Bolsonaro, Jair, 18, 202, 209, 234
Boxer Rebellion, The, 48
Brasileiros.social, 202
Brazil, 1, 9, 17–18, 22–23, 30–31, 49, 124–127, 129, 132, 135, 138–142, 145–147, 152, 194, 196, 201, 205, 207, 209–210, 219, 222, 226–227, 230, 233–234
Brazilian Central Bank, The, 17, 226, 231
Brazilian Civil Framework of the Internet, The, 145
Brazilian Congress, The, 145
Brazilian Institute for Consumer Protection (IDEC), The, 233
Brazilian Supreme Court, The, 28
Bretton Woods institutions, 10
BRICS countries, 1, 7–20, 23, 25, 28–33, 41–45, 50, 53, 56–57, 60–61, 85, 90–91, 148–149, 152, 154–155, 201, 207, 214, 217–218, 220–222, 225–227, 229, 231–233, 236–237
BRICS Roadmap of Practical Cooperation, The, 91
BRICS summit, 13, 16, 25, 31, 91, 222, 237
BRICS Working Group on Security, The, 91
Brin, Sergey, 31
Brussels effect, The, 24, 69, 77
Budapest Convention, The, 91
Bunina, Yelena, 179
Cagliari, 148, 157
CAIXA, 140
Canada, 193
Carboni, Massimo, 161
Carrefour, 140
Casino (grocery), 140
Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited or Restricted from Export, The, 72
Central Africa, 150
Central Bank of Brazil, The, 140, 226
Central Bank of Russia, The, 225
Central Commission for Cybersecurity and Informatization, The, 228
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 129
Chechnya, 55
Chen Xueshi, 49
China, 1, 9, 12–15, 17, 19, 23, 30–31, 41–42, 44, 49–50, 53, 64–65, 70, 77–78, 85, 100, 115, 132, 148, 152, 154–155, 182, 195, 207, 219, 223, 225–226, 228, 233, 235
China Mobile, 153
China Telecom, 153
China–US, 24
Chinese Communist Party (CCP), The, 84
Chinese Ministry of Commerce, The, 151
Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The, 151
Chirac, Jacques, 24
Chrome, 186
Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act), The, 69
Clean Network, 84
Clinton, Hillary, 45
cloud, 136
CNN, 47
Coca-Cola, 47
Cold War, 10, 13, 19, 26, 45
Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ), The, 92
commons digital sovereignty, 8, 20, 30–31, 193, 217, 227, 236
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, 238
Compressive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPPP), The, 70
Confidence Building Measures, 90
Confucianism, 46, 55, 61
Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), The, 113
Contingent Reserve Arrangement, 11
Cook, William, 113
corporate digital sovereignty, 20, 26
Council of the European Union, The, 84
COVID-19, 12, 19, 27, 31, 78, 90, 98, 100–101, 122, 138, 140, 172, 176–177
Cuba, 44, 49, 196
cultural sovereignty, 44–45, 60
cyber exceptionalism, 107
cyber Hindus, 59
cyber sovereignty, 8, 228
cyber-geopolitics, 74, 76
Cybersecurity Law, The, 67–68
Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), The, 17, 68, 228
Dagestan, 55
data colonialism, 149, 153
Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA), The, 111
data localisation, 194
Data Processing Centre, 96
Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China, The, 66–67, 71, 74
data sovereignty, 95
Dataprev, 234
Declaration of the Heads of the SCO Member States on International Information Security, 41, 51
Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, 25, 83
Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), 172
Deng Xiaoping, 46
Department of Justice and Constitutional Development in South Africa, 94
Department of Telecommunications (DoT), The, 144
Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA), The, 94
digital authoritarianism, 62
digital decolonization, 62
digital governance, 5
Digital India, The, 17, 225, 230
Digital Markets Act, The, 24, 27, 84
Digital Partnership, 16
Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP Act), 126
Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 17
digital public goods (DPGs), 31, 106, 123
digital public infrastructures (DPI), 31, 110, 123, 135–136, 225, 230, 232
Digital Services Act, The, 24, 27, 84
digital sovereignty, 1, 4, 7–9, 16, 18–20, 22–32, 41–44, 48–53, 56, 59–65, 68, 70–71, 74–82, 85–86, 88, 92, 97, 100–102, 105–108, 110–111, 116, 118, 120, 124–128, 130, 133, 139, 147–149, 153–155, 160, 163–164, 167–168, 170, 180, 187–188, 190–191, 193, 195–197, 199, 201, 205, 207, 209–210, 214–215, 217–236
Disney, 138
domain name system (DNS), 23, 83, 174, 186
domestic digital sovereignty, 60
Draft International Code of Conduct, 52
Draft National Policy on Data and Cloud, The, 95–96, 101
Durban, 222
Durov, Pavel, 179, 181, 187
East Africa, 150
Ecuador, 196
Egypt, 16
Ekho Moskvy, 179
Eksmo, 187
Electronic Communications Act, The, 97
electronic communications service providers (ECSP), 99
EllaLink, 23, 132, 139, 222
Emercoin, 186
Ericsson, 139
Europe, 1, 12–13, 15, 23–24, 46, 50, 61, 84, 90–91, 132, 139, 150, 152, 181, 187, 196, 207
European Council on Foreign Relations, The, 24
European Court of Justice (ECJ), The, 27, 221
European Parliament, The, 96
European Union, 6, 9, 12, 15, 17–18, 24–27, 49–50, 69, 71–74, 76–79, 84, 96, 100, 108–109, 138–139, 162, 191, 219, 221–222
external digital sovereignty, 60
Facebook, 1, 9, 17, 30–31, 59, 118, 120, 128, 130, 135, 137, 140, 188, 193, 205, 209–210, 222, 230, 233
Facebook–Cambridge Analytica scandal, The, 27
Falun Gong, 48
FASTER, 153
Federal Data Processing Service (Serpro), The, 145, 234
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, The, 237
Federal Law 139 FZ, 54
Fediverse, 191, 198, 200, 206–210
Film and Publication Board (FPB), The, 97
Films and Publications Amendment Act, The, 97, 235
first gulf war, The, 47
First Opium War, The, 78
Five Eyes, 7, 183
Flibusta, 185
Flipkart, 114, 121, 137, 143
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), The, 221
former Soviet, The, 12–13, 44, 46, 53, 152, 183
Fortaleza, 222
Fourth Industrial Revolution, The, 85, 87, 236
France, 193, 207
free and open-source software (FOSS), The, 30–31, 190, 192–193, 196, 210
Free software, 182, 192–193, 196, 206, 210
G7, 11
Gaana, 138
Gaia-X, 139
Gaza, 10, 15, 237
General Data Protection Law (LGPD), The, 23, 146
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), The, 6, 17, 24, 27, 69, 77, 96, 139, 146
General Hayden, 129
German Federal Constitutional Court, The, 28
Germany, 24, 207
Gershenzon, Lev, 178
Global Initiative on Data Security, The, 84
Global North, 15, 43–46, 50, 149, 152, 154, 164
Global South, 1, 6, 11, 13–16, 28–29, 85, 105, 152, 191, 193–194, 196–197, 201, 207–210, 227, 237–238
Global Transit, 153
global village, 37
Globoplay, 141
Gmail, 137
Gong Wenxiang, 48
Google, 31, 58, 118–120, 128, 130, 135, 139, 153, 177–178, 182–183, 193, 222, 230
Google Calendar, 137
Google Cloud, 135, 139–140
Google Drive, 137
Google News, 178
Google Pay, 111, 114, 116, 119, 121, 137
Google Play Store, 137
Google Web, 177
GPS, 130–131, 219
Great Firewall, The, 23, 63
GSuite, 184
Gusev, Ilya, 180
Hebdo, Charlie, 55
High-Performance Computing, 96
Hindu-ness, 57
Holy Roman Empire, 2
Hong Kong, 130, 150
Hong Kong Autonomy Act, 73
Hotstar, 138
Huawei, 1, 19, 71, 73, 75, 148–149, 151–152, 154–164, 220
Huawei Authorized Information and Network Academy (HAINA), 151
Huawei OpenLab, The, 148–149, 164
IBM, 139
ICANN, 29
ICT, 16, 25, 82, 86, 90, 94, 96, 100, 141–142, 148–152, 154, 160, 163–164, 169, 222, 235
ICT White Paper, The, 87
iFood, 141
IMF, International Monetary Fund, 10
Immediate Payment Service (IMPS), The, 111, 121
India, 9, 14–15, 18–19, 22–23, 30, 41, 44, 49, 56, 106, 110, 118, 124–125, 127, 135, 137, 142, 147, 150, 195–196, 219, 225–226, 228, 230, 233
India Stack, 136, 232
Indian Banks’ Association (IBA), 111
Indignados, The, 181
Information Society (WSIS), The, 49
information sovereignty, 47
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), 138
Innovation BRICS Network, The, 16
Instagram, 54, 188
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), 144
Intel, 172
intelligent operation center (IOC), 162
Intergovernmental Group of Experts (IGE), The, 82
International Code of Conduct for Information Security, The, 223
International Monetary Fund, The, 14
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), The, 49–50, 53, 155
Internet, 4
Internet Censorship Bill, 97
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), The, 49–50, 58, 60
internet freedom, 4, 45
internet governance, 5, 80
Internet Protection Society, The, 183
Internet Service Provider (ISP), 97, 173, 189, 224, 235
internet sovereignty, 5, 8, 17, 23, 26, 223
iOS, 139
IP protocol, 83
IPO, 121
Iran, 15–16, 41, 49, 182
Islamic Republic of Iran, The, 237
Israel, 15
Istanbul, 157
Italy, 139
JAM trinity, 136
Jammu, 59
Jan Dhan, 136
Japan, 14, 17, 207
Ji Zhaojun, 49
Johannesburg, 149, 156
Joint Innovation Center (JIC), The, 149, 157, 160
Kashmir, 59
Kazakhstan, 50
KDDI, 153
Kenya, 117, 151
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, The, 237
Krasner, Stephen, 2
Kremlin, 23, 54, 181
Kyrgyzstan, 50
Larin, Ilya, 185
Latin America, 23, 29
Law 90 FZ, The, 171
Law 242 FZ, The, 171
League Against Imperialism, The, 13
least developed countries (LDCs), The, 86, 92
Librusec, 185
Librusec.ucoz, 186
LinkedIn, 50
Loggi, 141
London, 156
low-to-middle-income country (LMIC), 154
Lula da Silva, Luiz Inacio, 196, 238
Lyft, 135
MacBride Commission, The, 29
Made in China 2025, The, 229
Magalu, 134
Magazine Luiza, 140
Mail.ru group, 181
Malanczuk, Peter, 3
Marco Civil da Internet, 17, 23, 145, 222
Marxism, 55
Marxist, 75
MasterCard, 105, 111, 115, 120, 225–226
Mastodon, 190, 198–199, 207–208, 210
Mencius, 48
MercadoLibre, 134
Merchant Discount Rates (MDR), 121
Meta, 191, 226
Microsoft, 17, 50, 139, 145, 172, 193, 222, 230
Middle East, The, 181, 237
Ministry of Commerce in China, The, 64, 72
Ministry of Communications in South Africa, The, 87
Ministry of Consumer Affairs (MCA), 144
Ministry of Science and Technology in China, The, 72
MIR, 105, 111, 224
mobile, 136
Modderfontein, 159
Modi, Narendra, 18, 28, 57
Mohammed, 55
MojaLoop, 123
Moratorium on Customs Duties on Electronic Transmissions, The, 82
Moscow, 53–56, 157, 180
Mozilla Firefox, 190
M-Pesa, 118
MTN, 87
Mueller, Milton, 6
Mumbai, 156
Musk, Elon, 31, 190, 207, 209
National Automated Clearing House (NACH), 110, 121
National Communications Centre, The, 99
National Development Plan (NDP), 86
National Integrated ICT Policy White Paper, The, 87
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), The, 105, 109–110, 123, 225
National Security Agency, 1, 5, 7, 16, 23, 26–27, 145, 220, 222, 225, 233
National Security Law of China, The, 70
National University of Defense Technology, The, 49
Navalny, Alexei, 182
Ndabeni-Abrahams, Stella, 160
Net Neutrality, The, 232
Netflix, 58, 138
Nets Union Clearing Corporation (NUCC), 115, 117, 121
network colonialism, 48
network digital sovereignty, 20
network sovereignty, 48
new Cold War, 18
New Delhi, 157
New Delhi Declaration, The, 106, 123, 237
New Development Bank, The, 11–12
New Industrial Revolution, 16
New International Economic Order (NIEO), The, 45
New Maritime Silk Road, The, 150
New Umbrella Entities (NUE), 120
New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO), The, 29, 42, 44, 53, 194
New Zealand, 14, 138
Nginx, 190
NGO, 172, 183–184
Nokia, 188
Non-Aligned Movement, The, 13, 15, 29, 44, 57, 152, 219
North Africa, 150, 181
North America, 13, 207
Northern Virginia, 128
Nubank, 141
Nye, Joseph, 45
Occupy Wall Street, The, 181
OLA, 138
open API, 110
Open-ended Intergovernmental Expert Group (IEG), The, 91
Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG), The, 82, 90, 100
Opera, 186
Opium War, The, 48
Oracle, 139
Orthodox, 55
Over the Top (OTT), 120
Owens, William A., 45
OYO rooms, 138
Page, Larry, 31
Pakistan, 41, 49, 56–57
Palestine, 15
Palghar mob, 58
Paris, 157
Payment and Settlement Systems Act, The, 111, 114
Paytm, 119, 143
Peking University, 47
People’s Liberation Army, The, 49
People’s Republic of China, The, 65, 71
personal digital sovereignty, 8, 20, 27
Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL), The, 64, 66, 69
Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, The, 74, 77
personhood, 8, 21–22, 27–28
PhonePe, 111, 114, 116, 119, 121
Pix, 17, 22, 140, 226
Platform as a Service (PaaS), 138
Plyushchev, A., 179
policy paper on Authorisation of New Retail Payment Systems, 118
Pompeo, Mike, 84
Poor South, 15
Portugal, 1, 23, 222
postcolonial digital sovereignty, 8, 20, 23, 29–30
Power South, 15
Pretoria, 152
Protection of Personal Information (POPI) Act, The, 96
public digital infrastructures (DPI), 106, 121
public sector banks, 122
Putin, Vladimir, 1, 9–10, 12, 53, 55, 61
Puttaswamy v Union of India (right to privacy), 28, 144
QR code, 117
Raman, Anand, 113
Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), 121
Reddy, Y. V., 113
Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS), The, 51–52
Regional Comprehensive and Economic Partnership (RCEP), The, 69
Regulation of Interception of Communications and Provision of Communication Related Information Act (RICA), The, 98
Reliance Jio, 19, 120, 136, 144
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), The, 110–111, 113, 118, 123, 144
ResisTIC project, The, 173, 187
Reuters, 47
Rochko, Eugen, 190, 208
Roman alphabet, The, 55
Roskomnadzor, 167, 178, 186
Rousseff, Dilma, 129, 222, 233
RuNet, 1, 9, 17–18, 23, 30, 32, 54, 56, 167–169, 171–172, 175–177, 188, 224
Rupay, 110, 113, 116, 120
Russia, 9, 15, 17, 23, 41–42, 49–50, 55, 61, 90, 105, 111, 115, 152, 180, 182, 187, 195–196, 219, 223–225, 233, 235
Russian Federal Security Service, The, 173
Russian National Card Payment System, The, 225
Rustenburg, 152, 159
Samsung, 50
Sandvine, 188
Sardegna Ricerche, 160
Sardinia, 149
Savin, Leonid, 56
Schmitt, Carl, 3, 56, 59
Schrems, Maximilian, 27, 221
Science Council of Canada, The, 23
SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization), 33
Securities and Exchange Bureau of India (SEBI), 144
Seixas, 222
Serpro, 234
Shanghai, 156
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), The, 41, 48–50, 53, 56, 60–61, 223, 238
Shanghai Five, 50
Silicon Valley, 4, 12, 23, 27, 29, 138–139, 194
SingTel, 153
smart city, 155, 159
Snowden, Edward, 1, 5–7, 16–17, 23–24, 43, 53–54, 88, 129, 145, 220–221, 224, 228, 231, 234
Software as a Service (SaaS), 138
South Africa, 1, 9, 18, 23, 30, 33, 81, 85–102, 148, 150–152, 155, 158, 160, 164, 219, 222, 233, 235, 237
South African Constitutional Court, The, 99
South African Police Service (SAPS), The, 94, 99
South America, 1
Southern African Development Community (SADC), The, 90
South-South Cooperation, 13, 15, 219
Sovereign Internet Law (Russia), 1, 17, 23, 168
sovereignty, 2, 4, 107, 193–194
Spotify, 138
Stallmanism, 192
State Council of the People’s Republic of China, The, 67, 229
State cybersecurity, 66
state digital sovereignty, 20, 23, 63–64, 234
state sovereignty, 20, 75
state surveillance, 22
Strangis, Vincenzo, 162
Sub-Sahara Africa, 150, 153
supranational digital sovereignty, 20
Supreme Court of India, The, 28, 144
surveillance capitalism, 26, 183
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), The, 31, 86
Suzhou, 156
Sweden, 139
SWIFT, 115
System for Operative Investigative Activity (SORM), The, 173, 224
Tajikistan, 50
Tashkent Declaration, The, 52
technological sovereignty, 24
Telecommunications Regulation Authority of India (TRAI), The, 231
Telefónica, 140
Telegram, 56, 175, 187
Telekom, Deutsche, 24
Temer, Michel, 227
Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services Rules, The, 58
Tencent, 50
Teplodigital, 184
Tez, 119
Third Party App Providers (TPAP), 114, 116
Third Party Service Providers (TPSPs), 111
Third World, The, 75
TikTok, 1, 17, 20, 72
TIM, 139–140
Timchenko, Galina, 179
Tor, 177, 186
Trade War, The, 75, 78
Transnet SOC Ltd., 94
Trump, Donald, 1, 14, 72, 84, 198
Tunisia, 44
Turkmenistan, 41
Twitter, 31, 58–59, 190, 199, 207
Uber, 135
Ukraine, 9, 12, 188, 224, 237
Ukraine war, The, 15
UN Charter, 2
UN First Committee, The, 100
UN General Assembly, The, 41
UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE), The, 82, 89
Unified Payment Interface (UPI), 23, 105, 118, 123, 225
United Arab Emirates, The, 16, 237
United Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), The, 44
United Kingdom, The, 128, 138
United Nations, The, 15, 25, 49, 51, 86, 91
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), The, 42, 44
United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), The, 82
United Nations Security Council (UNSC), The, 90
United States of America, 1, 9, 12–20, 23–24, 26–27, 29, 31, 44–46, 48–50, 53–54, 61, 69, 71, 77, 84–85, 100, 105, 115–116, 120, 124–125, 127–129, 132, 137–140, 142–147, 152–153, 177–178, 184, 187, 196, 207, 219–225, 228, 230, 233
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), The, 42, 60, 197
Unreliable Entity List, The, 72
UPI, 22
Ursal.zona, 209
Uruguay, 196
US Army War College, The, 6
US Department of Commerce, The, 29
US-China, 1, 78
Usmanov, Alisher, 181
USSR, 29
Uttar Pradesh, 58
Uyghur, 51
Uzbekistan, 50
Venezuela, 105, 196
Verizon, 222
Via, 140
Virtual Payment Addresses, 117
Visa, 105, 111, 115, 120, 225–226
Vision and Principles Chapter, The, 87
VKontakte, 54, 181, 186, 188
Vodacom, 87
Vodafone Idea, 136
Volozh, A., 179
VPN, 177, 186
Walmart, 114, 121, 134, 137, 143
Wang Yi, 84
Weber, Max, 3
WeChat, 115
West Africa, 150
Westphalian, 107, 195
WhatsApp, 58–59, 114, 137, 140, 226, 233
WordPress, 190
World Bank, The, 10, 14
World Internet Conference (WIC), The, 17, 49–50, 228
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), The, 42, 49, 51
World Summit, The, 49
World Trade Organization (WTO), The, 82, 92, 101
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), The, 198
WWII, 12, 44
Xi Jinping, 17, 23, 70, 76, 79, 228
Yandex, 178, 186, 188
Yandex.News, 178, 180
Yarovaya Law, 54, 175, 224
Yarovaya Law 374 FZ, 171
Yarovaya, Irina, 223
Yellen, Janet, 13
YouTube, 58, 141
YouTube Premium, 184
Zendai Group, The, 159
zero-rating, 17, 30, 139–140, 226, 230–233
Zheleznyak, Sergei, 53
ZTE, 19, 220
Zuckerberg, Mark, 31

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Index
  • Edited by Min Jiang, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Luca Belli, Fundação Getulio Vargas Law School
  • Book: Digital Sovereignty in the BRICS Countries
  • Online publication: 31 December 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009531085.015
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Index
  • Edited by Min Jiang, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Luca Belli, Fundação Getulio Vargas Law School
  • Book: Digital Sovereignty in the BRICS Countries
  • Online publication: 31 December 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009531085.015
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Index
  • Edited by Min Jiang, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Luca Belli, Fundação Getulio Vargas Law School
  • Book: Digital Sovereignty in the BRICS Countries
  • Online publication: 31 December 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009531085.015
Available formats
×