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Phylogenetic reorganization of the basal ganglia: A necessary, but not the only, bridge over a primate Rubicon of acoustic communication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2014

Hermann Ackermann ,
Steffen R. Hage  and
Wolfram Ziegler
Hermann Ackermann
Affiliation:
Neurophonetics Group, Centre for Neurology – General Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany. hermann.ackermann@uni-tuebingen.dehttp://www.hih-tuebingen.de/neurophonetik/
Steffen R. Hage
Affiliation:
Neurobiology of Vocal Communication Research Group, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, and Institute for Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany. steffen.hage@uni-tuebingen.dehttp://www.vocalcommunication.de
Wolfram Ziegler
Affiliation:
Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, Municipal Hospital Munich-Bogenhausen, D-80992 Munich, and Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-80799 Munich, Germany. wolfram.ziegler@extern.lrz-muenchen.dehttp://www.ekn.mwn.de
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Abstract

In this response to commentaries, we revisit the two main arguments of our target article. Based on data drawn from a variety of research areas – vocal behavior in nonhuman primates, speech physiology and pathology, neurobiology of basal ganglia functions, motor skill learning, paleoanthropological concepts – the target article, first, suggests a two-stage model of the evolution of the crucial motor prerequisites of spoken language within the hominin lineage: (1) monosynaptic refinement of the projections of motor cortex to brainstem nuclei steering laryngeal muscles, and (2) subsequent “vocal-laryngeal elaboration” of cortico-basal ganglia circuits, driven by human-specific FOXP2 mutations. Second, as concerns the ontogenetic development of verbal communication, age-dependent interactions between the basal ganglia and their cortical targets are assumed to contribute to the time course of the acquisition of articulate speech. Whereas such a phylogenetic reorganization of cortico-striatal circuits must be considered a necessary prerequisite for ontogenetic speech acquisition, the 30 commentaries – addressing the whole range of data sources referred to – point at several further aspects of acoustic communication which have to be added to or integrated with the presented model. For example, the relationships between vocal tract movement sequencing – the focus of the target article – and rhythmical structures of movement organization, the connections between speech motor control and the central-auditory and central-visual systems, the impact of social factors upon the development of vocal behavior (in nonhuman primates and in our species), and the interactions of ontogenetic speech acquisition – based upon FOXP2-driven structural changes at the level of the basal ganglia – with preceding subvocal stages of acoustic communication as well as higher-order (cognitive) dimensions of phonological development. Most importantly, thus, several promising future research directions unfold from these contributions – accessible to clinical studies and functional imaging in our species as well as experimental investigations in nonhuman primates.

Type
Authors' Response
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 37 , Issue 6 , December 2014 , pp. 577 - 604
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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