Vertebrate remains from the “Forest Bed” continue to be brought to light by the rapid denudation of the East Anglian coast, and I have again to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. A. Savin, of Cromer, whose assiduous collecting has preserved so many of these fossils, and made them available for scientific study. One of the specimens which he has now sent me is a species of Cervus, apparently new to science, while the others, although referable to living forms, are now for the first time definitely recorded from the “Forest Bed,” and if my determinations prove to be correct, the following names may be added to the list of Mammalia from this deposit:—

Cervus rectus, new species.

Bison bonasus, Linn., var. priscus, Bojanus (to replace Bos primigenius).

“What was the condition of our present mountain tract during the great Carboniferous period? Was it wholly submerged after the elevation and denudation to which we have already seen it subject, or was there always a nucleus of dry land—an embryo of Cumbria—around which the Carboniferous deposits were laid down? I do not think this is a question that can ever be decidedly answered.”

It is a question which has frequently been asked, and the answer given are various. In the present communication I intend to loo at it from a somewhat different point of view from that in which has usually been approached, though the view here adopted in man respects resembles that taken by the late Mr. Hopkins.

The recent notice of the life and work of Prof. Henry Carvill Lewis, whose lamented death occurred in Manchester, July 21st, 1888, in his thirty-fifth year, well indicates the wide range of his scientific labours. He published valuable results of investigations in astronomy, mineralogy and petrology, and especially in glacial geology, the last being based on his exploration of the drift and its terminal moraines in the United States, and later in Ireland, Wales and England. The present article reviews his contributions to our knowledge of these drift formations and of the history of the Ice Age, bringing into comparison and correlation the glacial records of America and Europe. Comprehensive as were Professor Lewis' observations and studies in this field, he was planning yet more thorough and extensive exploration of the drift in Britain, Germany and Scandinavia, when he was taken from us.

The material, in which this felspar occurs, was collected by Dr Hans Meyer during his visit in 1887 to the East-African “snowmountain,” the Kilimandscharo, and kindly entrusted to me for description by Prof. F. Zirkel of Leipzig, to whom I desire to express my indebtedness for assistance and advice supplied me whilst working in his laboratory.

The rocks which possess this mineral as felspathic constituent are Nepheline- and Leucite-basanites, and were found in sitû on the south and south-east flanks of the Kibo peak. As rock-constituent this felspar is presumably confined to the outflows from the higher peak—the Kibo4—as no trace of it is to be found in the large series of rock-specimens, which represent the materials of which the other and lower peak—the Kimawenzi—is formed.

On the western flanks of the Malverns, the Upper Silurians are folded in several great anticlinals and synclinals, formed parallel to the axis of the Hill itself. To the west of Ledbury and again near Woolhope these contorted strata dip beneath the Old Red Sandstone, which, as computed by Phillips, has a maximum thickness of 8000 feet, that of the Upper Silurians being 2690 feet.

The thickness of the strata of which the Longmynd is formed has been estimated by the Government Surveyors at not less than 26,000 feet, as exposed in their highly inclined edges; the beds dipping at an average inclination of 60° to the W.N.W. They thus appear as if they had been tilted by pressure against the more ancient rocks of the Caer Caradoc Range.

The paper by Mr. E. T. Newton “ On the Skull of Scaphognathus ” is one of the most important contributions to the morphology of the Pterosauria which has been published. There are a few poii however, which appear to me to need correction or a fuller explanati

1. The “prefontals,” Newton.

When Mr. Newton had the great kindness to show me specimen, which he had worked out with so much skill, I sugges to him that the bones called by him “ prefrontals ” (loc. cit. p. 5 were probably parts of the nasals only. It seems to me qi probable that this view is correct, and I give the following reaso

1. If the “prefrontals,” Newton, represented these bones, t] would have a position different from that in any other form ofMonocondylia, Haeckel, 1866 (Sauropsida, Huxley, 1869). T] would be placed inside of the nasals.