Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:56:04.717Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Conscious content generated by unconscious action-related adjustments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2016

Farzaneh Pahlavan  and
Melana Arouss
Farzaneh Pahlavan
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Social Psychology: Threat & Society, EA 4471, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, 92774 Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex, France. farzaneh.pahlavan@parisdescartes.frmelana.arouss@etu.parisdescartes.frhttp://lps.recherche.parisdescartes.fr/
Melana Arouss
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Social Psychology: Threat & Society, EA 4471, Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, 92774 Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex, France. farzaneh.pahlavan@parisdescartes.frmelana.arouss@etu.parisdescartes.frhttp://lps.recherche.parisdescartes.fr/
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

As mentioned in the target article by Morsella et al., the motor program's contents as a whole do not influence each other in the conscious field; however, research shows that some of their generated aspects could be sensitive to the context of the behavior. Such motivational “context-contamination” leads to voluntarily “turn off” of negative states. Taking place out of the conscious field, these adjustments would have critical influence on behavior, such as aggression.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 39 , 2016 , e190
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreou, E. (2000) Bully/victim problems and their association with psychological constructs in 8- to 12-year-old Greek schoolchildren. Aggressive Behavior 26:49–56.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bargh, J. A. (2014) Our unconscious mind. Scientific American 30:30–37. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0114-30.Google Scholar
Bargh, J. A. & Chartrand, T. L. (1999) The unbearable automaticity of being. American Psychologist 54(7):462–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bargh, J. A., Chen, M. & Burrows, L. (1996) Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71:230–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bargh, J. A. & Pietromonaco, P. (1982) Automatic information processing and social perception: The influence of trait information presented outside of conscious awareness on impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43:437–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, R. S., Inman, M. L., Kao, C. F. & Logan, H. (1992) Negative emotion and superficial social processing. Motivation and Emotion 16:323–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkowitz, L. (1993) Toward a general theory of anger and emotional aggression: Implications of the cognitive-neoassociationistic perspective for the analysis of anger and other emotions. In: Advances in social cognition, vol. 6, ed. Wyer, R. S. & Srull, T. K., pp. 1–46. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Bjorklund, D. F. & Pellegrini, A. D. (2002) Child development and evolutionary psychology. Child Development 71(6):1687–708. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00258. PMID 11194266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bodenhausen, G. V., Kramer, G. P. & Süsser, K. (1994) Happiness and stereotypic thinking in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66:621–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boulton, M. J. & Smith, P. K. (1994) Bully/victim problems in middle-school children: Stability, self-perceived competence, peer perceptions and peer acceptance. British Journal of Development Psychology 12:315–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M. F. (1999) Themes and issues in the self-regulation of behavior. In: Advances in social cognition, vol. 12, ed. Wyer, R. S. & Srull, T. K., pp. 1–105. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Chen, M. & Bargh, J. A. (1997) On the automaticity of self-fulfilling prophecies: The nonconscious effects of stereotype activation on social interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 33:541–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, S. E. & Markus, H. R. (1990) The willful self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 16:726–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devine, P. G. (1989) Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56:680–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freud, S. (1915) The unconscious . In: The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Vol. 14: On the history of the post psychoanalytic movement, papers on metapsychology and other works, ed. Strachey, J. & Freud, A. , pp. 159–204. The Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Greenwald, A. G. & Banaji, M. R. (1995) Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review 102(1):4–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Izard, C. E. & Ackerman, B. P. (2000) Motivational, organizational, and regulatory functions of discrete emotions. In: Handbook of emotions, 2nd edition, ed. Lewis, M. & Haviland-Jones, J. M., ppp. 253–65. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
James, W. (1890/1983) Principles of psychology. Holt. (Original work published in 1890).Google Scholar
Pahlavan, F. & Arouss, M. (2015) Executive regulation of anxiety and aggression. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, Special Issue on “Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior.” 6:53–80. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X15000643 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pahlavan, F., Bonnet, P. & Duda, D. (2000a) Human motor responses to simultaneous aversive stimulation and failure on a valued task. Psychological Reports 86:232–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pahlavan, F., Duda, D. & Bonnet, P. (2000b) Direction of human motor responses by men and women to aversive stimulation. Psychological Reports: Perceptual and Motor Skills 90:415–22.Google ScholarPubMed
Pahlavan, F. & Lubart, T. (2005) Negative affective states' effects on perception of affective pictures. Consciousness and Emotion 1:57–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pahlavan, F. & Lubart, T. (2007) Motivational effects of success versus failure feedback. Psychological Reports 100:585–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pahlavan, F., Mouchiroud, C. & Nemlaghi-Manis, E. (2012) Does experience of failure decrease executive, regulatory abilities and increase aggression? Global Journal of Health Science 4(6):60–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posner, M. 1. & Rothbart, M. K. (2000) Developing mechanisms of self-regulation. Development and Psychopathology 12:427–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schachter, D. L. (1987) Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology 13:501–18.Google Scholar
Schelling, F. (1800/1978) System of transcendental philosophy, trans. Heath, P.. University Press of Virginia. (Original work published in 1800).Google Scholar
Smith, P. K., Bowers, L., Binney, V. & Cowie, H. (1993) Relationships of children involved in bully/victim problems at school. In: Learning about relationships. Understanding Relationship Processes Series, vol. 2, ed. Duck, S., pp. 184–215. Sage.Google Scholar
Srull, T. K. (1997) The vicissitudes of social behavior and mental life. In: The automaticity of everyday life: Advances in social cognition, vol. 10, ed. Wyer, R. S. Jr., pp. 203–16. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Sutton, J. & Smith, P. K. (1999) Bullying as a group process: An adaptation of the participant role approach. Aggressive Behavior 25:97–111.3.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Todorov, A. & Bargh, J. A. (2002) Automatic sources of aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior 7:53–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wegner, D. M. & Bargh, J. A. (1998) Control and automaticity in social life. In: Handbook of social psychology, 4th edition, ed. Gilbert, D., Fiske, S. T. & Lindzey, G., pp. 446–96. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Zelli, A., Cervone, D. & Huesmann, L. R. (1996) Behavioral experience and social inference: Individual differences in aggressive experience and spontaneous versus deliberate trait inference. Social Cognition 14:165–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zelli, A., Huesmann, L. R. & Cervone, D. (1995) Social inference and individual differences in aggression: Evidence for spontaneous judgements of hostility. Aggressive Behavior 21:405–17.3.0.CO;2-N>CrossRefGoogle Scholar