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Was Welling, Ohio (33-Co-2), a Clovis Basecamp or Lithic Workshop? Employing Experimental Models to Interpret Old Collections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2020

Fernando Diez-Martin ,
Briggs Buchanan ,
James D. Norris  and
Metin I. Eren
Fernando Diez-Martin
Affiliation:
Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain (fdimar@fyl.uva.es)
Briggs Buchanan
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA (briggs-buchanan@utulsa.edu)
James D. Norris
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA (jnorri24@kent.edu)
Metin I. Eren*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA; Department of Archaeology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
*
(meren@Kent.edu, corresponding author)
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Abstract

Archaeological collections are foundational to the discipline. Yet, researchers who study curated assemblages can face challenges. Here, we show how experimental archaeology can play a vital role in the interpretation of old archaeological collections. The Welling site, in Coshocton County, Ohio, is a multicomponent, stratified site with a substantial Clovis component in its lower levels. Using experimental flaked stone replication, we create an analog model of a “pure” Clovis bifacial debitage assemblage, as might be found at a lithic workshop. We predicted that if the Welling Clovis debitage assemblage was representative of a lithic workshop, then it would be similar to the experimental model. If the debitage assemblage was representative of a base camp, however, then it would be significantly different from the model because Clovis people would have been using, transporting, resharpening, rejuvenating, and recycling the debitage—all activities that would modify a “pure” Clovis bifacial debitage assemblage. Our statistical analyses supported the latter prediction. Overall, our study illustrates how productive the integration of experimental and archaeological data can be, and it emphasizes how important the curation and accessibility of both archaeological and experimental collections are to the discipline.

Las colecciones arqueológicas son fundamentales para nuestra disciplina. Sin embargo, los investigadores que estudian colecciones en depósito pueden enfrentarse a algunos desafíos. En este trabajo mostramos cómo la arqueología experimental puede desempeñar un papel crucial en la interpretación de antiguas colecciones arqueológicas. Welling, en el condado de Coshocton, Ohio, es un yacimiento compuesto por varios niveles arqueológicos, entre los que destaca un horizonte Clovis localizado a muro del depósito. Mediante la réplica experimental de varias secuencias de lascado, hemos creado un modelo análogo a un conjunto “típico” de desbastado bifacial Clovis, tal como podría hallarse en un lugar de talla. Hemos propuesto que si la colección de desbastado Clovis recuperada en Welling fuera representativa de un taller lítico, ésta sería similar al modelo experimental. Por el contrario, si la colección de lascas representara un campamento base, entonces diferiría significativamente del modelo, puesto que los grupos humanos Clovis habrían estado usando, transportando, afilando, reavivando y reciclando productos de desbaste—actividades, todas ellas, que modificarían de manera sustancial un conjunto “típico” de talla bifacial Clovis. Nuestros análisis estadísticos respaldan la segunda predicción. En general, nuestro estudio pone de manifiesto cuán productiva puede ser la integración de datos experimentales y arqueológicos, al tiempo que enfatiza lo importante que es para nuestra disciplina la conservación y accesibilidad de las colecciones arqueológicas y experimentales.

Keywords

experimentmodelCloviscurationexperimentarmodeloCloviscuración
Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 86 , Issue 1 , January 2021 , pp. 183 - 198
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology

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