Two new species in the lichen genus Atla, A. alaskana and A. recondita, are described. The ITS rDNA region is used for their molecular characterization. Morphologically, Atla alaskana is characterized by its rather thick and well-developed whitish grey thallus, and the rather large perithecia having a thalline excipulum. The presence of a thalline excipulum renders it similar to Sporodictyon species; however, in A. alaskana a distinct zone around the ostiolum is without a thallus and covered only by a thick white pruina. Atla recondita has a thin olivaceous brown thallus and moderately sized, emerging perithecia. It is not possible to identify this species unequivocally as an Atla species only by morphology, and it might well be mistaken for a Polyblastia. A key to all six Atla species, including the two new species, is provided.

Analyses of morphological, anatomical, chemical and DNA sequences led to the recognition of ten species of Anzia in the Hengduan Mountains, which harbour all species known from China, including A. pseudocolpota sp. nov. and A. hypomelaena comb. & stat. nov. Furthermore, populations similar to A. hypoleucoides but with narrow lobes and a yellow-orange pigmented medulla may be a phylogenetically distinct species tentatively recognized as A. aff. hypoleucoides. The species are primarily distinguished by the presence or absence of a central axis, the colour and shape of the spongy cushion and the nature of the secondary compounds. A key to all known species of Anzia from China is presented.

Hypogymnia papilliformis McCune, Tchabanenko & X. L.Wei is described as a new species of lichenized fungus from the Primorsky region of Russia and Shaanxi Province in China. It is a relatively rare species from mixed conifer-broadleaved forests in suboceanic climates, in mountainous areas at elevations of 600–1500 m. Most similar to H. delavayi, the species are distinguished by branching pattern and chemistry. Hypogymnia papilliformis is predominantly isotomically branched while H. delavayi usually develops subpinnate branching. The ceiling of the lobe cavity is mid brown to dark brown in H. papilliformis, while the ceiling is often pale brownish or white in H. delavayi. Also, H. papilliformis lacks 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, and thus has a K– medulla, while H. delavayi always contains 3-hydroxyphysodic acid as a major substance and is thus K+ slowly reddish brown. We provide a key to the six esorediate Hypogymnia species known from the Russian Far East.

The type specimens of Synarthonia bicolor and S. stigmatidialis were examined, leading the authors to revise their descriptions as well as the generic description. Also, two new species of Synarthonia, viz. S. psoromica and S. sikkimensis are described from India. Synarthonia psoromica, collected from the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu, is characterized by immersed synascomata and the presence of psoromic acid. Synarthonia sikkimensis, collected from Sikkim-Himalaya, is characterized by the sorediate thallus with a rhizomorph-like prothallus. These distinguishing characters are observed for the first time in Synarthonia. After considering the protologue of the recently described S. sarcographoides, a comprehensive account of this genus is made. In addition, a world key to all known species of Synarthonia is provided.

The new corticolous lichen species Bactrospora angularis is described from Brazil. It has apothecia that are usually irregular in outline and transversely (19–)28–35-septate, filiform ascospores (85–)120–150 × 5–7 μm with some constrictions. A revised world key is given to all currently known species of Bactrospora.

Calopadia saxicola is described as new to science. The species grows on rocky shores in southern Brazil and is characterized by the corticate thallus, pruinose apothecia with brownish to reddish brown disc, mainly 2–3-spored asci with muriform ascospores, and the absence of secondary metabolites. A description with ecological data, figures, comments and a key to all species in the genus known from Brazil are given.