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5 results

  • Roles of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in the modulation of psychostimulant responses

  • P.H. Gobira, S.R. Joca, F.A. Moreira
  • Journal:
    Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 36 / Issue 2 / April 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 August 2022, pp. 67-77
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  • Addiction to psychostimulant drugs, such as cocaine, D-amphetamine, and methamphetamine, is a public health issue that substantially contributes to the global burden of disease. Psychostimulant drugs promote an increase in dopamine levels within the mesocorticolimbic system, which is central to the rewarding properties of such drugs. Cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R) are expressed in the main areas of this system and implicated in the neuronal mechanisms underlying the rewarding effect of psychostimulant drugs. Here, we reviewed studies focusing on pharmacological intervention targeting cannabinoid CB1R and CB2R and their interaction in the modulation of psychostimulant responses.

  • Interactions between the nitrergic and the endocannabinoid system in rats exposed to the elevated T-maze

  • Luara Augusta Batista, Fabricio de Araújo Moreira, Daniele Cristina de Aguiar
  • Journal:
    Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 33 / Issue 4 / August 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 April 2021, pp. 206-210
  • Objective:

    The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and activation of CB1 receptors have opposite effects in a behavioural animal model of panic and anxiety.

    Methods:

    To test the hypothesis, male Wistar rats were exposed to the elevated T-maze (ETM) model under the following treatments: L-Arginine (L-Arg) was administered before treatment with WIN55,212-2, a CB1 receptor agonist; AM251, a CB1 antagonist, was administered before treatment with L-Arg. All treatments were by intraperitoneal route.

    Results:

    The CB1 receptor agonist, WIN55,212-2 (1 mg/kg), induced an anxiolytic-like effect, which was prevented by pretreatment with an ineffective dose of L-Arg (1 mg/kg). Administration of AM251 (1 mg/kg), a CB1 antagonist before treatment with L-Arg (1 mg/kg) did not produce anxiogenic-like responses.

    Conclusion:

    Altogether, this study suggests that the anxiolytic-like effect of cannabinoids may occur through modulation of NO signalling.

  • 8 - Cannabis and cognition: short- and long-term effects

  • Edited by David Castle, University of Melbourne, Robin M. Murray, Deepak Cyril D'Souza, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    Marijuana and Madness
    Published online:
    05 November 2011
    Print publication:
    27 October 2011, pp 91-102

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews what is known about the interactions of cannabis with the cannabinoid system in the brain, and how the drug affects psychomotor, cognitive, perceptual and appetitive functions. In both animals and humans the cerebral cortex, particularly the frontal regions, contains high densities of CB1 receptors. The presynaptic localization of CB1 receptors suggests a role for cannabinoids in modulating the release of neurotransmitters from axon terminals. CB1 receptors are expressed at particularly high densities in the basal ganglia and cerebellum so it is not surprising that cannabinoids have complex effects on psychomotor function. Controlled clinical trials showed that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) had significant beneficial effects in counteracting the loss of appetite and reduction in body weight in patients suffering from AIDS-related wasting syndrome. The interaction of the cannabinoid and opioid systems in CNS remains to be demonstrated convincingly in humans.

  • 20 - Understanding cannabis use in schizophrenia

  • Edited by David Castle, University of Melbourne, Robin M. Murray, Deepak Cyril D'Souza, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    Marijuana and Madness
    Published online:
    05 November 2011
    Print publication:
    27 October 2011, pp 218-224

  • Summary

    The cerebellar peduncles are large axon bundles that interconnect the cerebellum with other areas of the nervous system. It is now well established that the cerebellum contains one of the highest densities of CB1 receptors in the mammalian brain. It appears that the primary mode of action of endocannabinoids in the cerebellum is self-regulation by Purkinje cells via retrograde signaling back to the presynaptic terminals that innervate them. In terms of behavioral outcomes, several studies have shown that cannabinoid administration in humans is associated with alterations in temporal processing and psychomotor performance, both of which are at least partly cerebellar-mediated. In addition to alterations in cerebellar-mediated behavioral outcomes, numerous studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia exhibit abnormalities in cerebellar structure and metabolism. To recapitulate, the current chapter has attempted to synthesize known literatures regarding the effect of cannabinoids on cerebellar function and the role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia.

  • Influence of intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist (WIN 55,212-2) and inverse agonist (AM 251) on the regulation of food intake and hypothalamic serotonin levels

  • Ikram Merroun, Mohammed Errami, Hanaa Hoddah, Gloria Urbano, Jesús M. Porres, Pilar Aranda, Juan Llopis, María López-Jurado
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 101 / Issue 10 / 28 May 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 February 2009, pp. 1569-1578
    Print publication:
    28 May 2009
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  • The effect of intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 or inverse agonist AM 251 on food intake and extracellular levels of serotonin and acetic acid 5-hydroxy-indol from presatiated rats was studied. Compared to the vehicle-injected control, the intracerebroventricular administration of WIN 55,212-2 was associated with a significant increase in food intake, whereas the administration of AM 251 caused a significant reduction in this respect. These results were accompanied by considerable reductions or increases in serotonin and acetic acid 5-hydroxy-indol levels compared to the vehicle-injected control and the baseline values for the different experimental groups studied. Intraperitoneal administration of WIN 55,212-2 at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg promoted hyperphagia up to 6 h after injection, whereas administration of a higher dose (5 mg/kg) significantly inhibited food intake and motor behaviour in partially satiated rats. Administration of any of the AM 251 doses studied (0·5, 1, 2, 5 mg/kg) led to a significant decrease in the amount of food ingested from 2 h after the injection, compared to the vehicle-injected control group, with the most striking effect being observed when the 5 mg/kg dose was injected.