This article aims to establish fractional Sobolev trace inequalities, logarithmic Sobolev trace inequalities, and Hardy trace inequalities associated with time-space fractional heat equations. The key steps involve establishing dedicated estimates for the fractional heat kernel, regularity estimates for the solution of the time-space fractional equations, and characterizing the norm of $\dot {W}^{\nu /2}_p(\mathbb {R}^n)$ in terms of the solution $u(x,t)$. Additionally, fractional logarithmic Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequalities are proven, leading to $L^p-$logarithmic Sobolev inequalities for $\dot {W}^{\nu /2}_{p}(\mathbb R^{n})$. As a byproduct, Sobolev affine trace-type inequalities for $\dot {H}^{-\nu /2}(\mathbb {R}^n)$ and local Sobolev-type trace inequalities for $Q_{\nu /2}(\mathbb {R}^n)$ are established.

We prove the existence and asymptotic behaviour of the transition density for a large class of subordinators whose Laplace exponents satisfy lower scaling condition at infinity. Furthermore, we present lower and upper bounds for the density. Sharp estimates are provided if an additional upper scaling condition on the Laplace exponent is imposed. In particular, we cover the case when the (minus) second derivative of the Laplace exponent is a function regularly varying at infinity with regularity index bigger than $-2$ .

In this paper we consider uncertainty principles for solutions of certain partial differential equations on $H$-type groups. We first prove that, on $H$-type groups, the heat kernel is an average of Gaussians in the central variable, so that it does not satisfy a certain reformulation of Hardy’s uncertainty principle. We then prove the analogue of Hardy’s uncertainty principle for solutions of the Schrödinger equation with potential on $H$-type groups. This extends the free case considered by Ben Saïd et al. [‘Uniqueness of solutions to Schrödinger equations on H-type groups’, J. Aust. Math. Soc. (3)95 (2013), 297–314] and by Ludwig and Müller [‘Uniqueness of solutions to Schrödinger equations on 2-step nilpotent Lie groups’, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.142 (2014), 2101–2118].

It is now well known that ultracontractive properties of semigroups with infinitesimal generator given by an undirected graph Laplacian operator can be obtained through an understanding of the geometry of the underlying infinite weighted graph. The aim of this work is to extend these results to semigroups with infinitesimal generators given by a directed graph Laplacian operator through an analogous inspection of the geometry of the underlying directed graph. In particular, we introduce appropriate nomenclature to discuss the geometry of an infinite directed graph, as well as provide sufficient conditions to extend ultracontractive properties of undirected graph Laplacians to those of the directed variety. Such directed graph Laplacians can often be observed in the study of coupled oscillators, where recent work made explicit the link between synchronous patterns to systems of identically coupled oscillators and ultracontractive properties of undirected graph semigroups. Therefore, in this work we demonstrate the applicability of our results on directed graph semigroups by extending the aforementioned investigation beyond the idealized case of identically coupled oscillators.

We show that, on graphs which have precisely three distinct Laplacian eigenvalues, heat diffusion enjoys a monotonic behaviour.

In this paper, we first derive the CR volume doubling property, CR Sobolev inequality, and the mean value inequality. We then apply them to prove the CR analogue of Yau’s conjecture on the space consisting of all pseudoharmonic functions of polynomial growth of degree at most $d$ in a complete noncompact pseudohermitian $(2n+1)$-manifold. As a by-product, we obtain the CR analogue of the volume growth estimate and the Gromov precompactness theorem.

This paper considers the Ricci flow coupled with the harmonic map flow between two manifolds. We derive estimates for the fundamental solution of the corresponding conjugate heat equation and we prove an analogue of Perelman's differential Harnack inequality. As an application, we find a connection between the entropy functional and the best constant in the Sobolev embedding theorem in ℝn .

We prove that, in a setting of local Dirichlet forms on metric measure spaces, a two-sided sub-Gaussian estimate of the heat kernel is equivalent to the conjunction of the volume doubling property, the elliptic Harnack inequality, and a certain estimate of the capacity between concentric balls. The main technical tool is the equivalence between the capacity estimate and the estimate of a mean exit time in a ball that uses two-sided estimates of a Green function in a ball.

This paper deals with the Schrödinger equation $i{\partial }_{s} u(\mathbf{z} , t; s)- \mathcal{L} u(\mathbf{z} , t; s)= 0, $ where $ \mathcal{L} $ is the sub-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group. Assume that the initial data $f$ satisfies $\vert f(\mathbf{z} , t)\vert \lesssim {q}_{\alpha } (\mathbf{z} , t), $ where ${q}_{s} $ is the heat kernel associated to $ \mathcal{L} . $ If in addition $\vert u(\mathbf{z} , t; {s}_{0} )\vert \lesssim {q}_{\beta } (\mathbf{z} , t), $ for some ${s}_{0} \in \mathbb{R} \setminus \{ 0\} , $ then we prove that $u(\mathbf{z} , t; s)= 0$ for all $s\in \mathbb{R} $ whenever $\alpha \beta \lt { s}_{0}^{2} . $ This result holds true in the more general context of $H$-type groups. We also prove an analogous result for the Grushin operator on ${ \mathbb{R} }^{n+ 1} . $

As an analog of a well-known theoremon the bilinear fractional integral on ${{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}$ by Kenig and Stein, we establish the similar boundedness property for a bilinear fractional integral on a compact Lie group. Our result is also a generalization of our recent theorem about the bilinear fractional integral on torus.

In this paper, we discuss various maximal functions on the Laguerre hypergroup $\mathbf{K}$ including the heat maximal function, the Poisson maximal function, and the Hardy–Littlewood maximal function which is consistent with the structure of hypergroup of $\mathbf{K}$. We shall establish the weak type (1, 1) estimates for these maximal functions. The ${{L}^{p}}$ estimates for $p\,>\,1$ follow fromthe interpolation. Some applications are included.

In this paper we prove that sub-Gaussian estimates of heat kernels of regular Dirichlet forms are equivalent to the regularity of measures, two-sided bounds of effective resistances and the locality of semigroups, on strongly recurrent compact metric spaces. Upper bounds of effective resistances imply the compact embedding theorem for domains of Dirichlet forms, and give rise to the existence of Green functions with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. Green functions play an important role in our analysis. Our emphasis in this paper is on the analytic aspects of deriving two-sided sub-Gaussian bounds of heat kernels. We also give the probabilistic interpretation for each of the main analytic steps.

In this paper we prove a new version of the Cowling-Price theorem for Fourier transforms on Rn. Using this we formulate and prove an uncertainty principle for operators. This leads to an analogue of the Cowling-Price theorem for nilpotent Lie groups. We also prove an exact analogue of the Cowling-Price theorem for the Heisenberg group.

New spaces of Lipschitz type on metric-measure spaces are introduced and they are shown to be just the well-known Besov spaces or Triebel–Lizorkin spaces when the smooth index is less than 1. These theorems also hold in the setting of spaces of homogeneous type, which include Euclidean spaces, Riemannian manifolds and some self-similar fractals. Moreover, the relationships amongst these Lipschitz-type spaces, Hajłasz–Sobolev spaces, Korevaar–Schoen–Sobolev spaces, Newtonian Sobolev space and Cheeger–Sobolev spaces on metric-measure spaces are clarified, showing that they are the same space with equivalence of norms. Furthermore, a Sobolev embedding theorem, namely that the Lipschitz-type spaces with large orders of smoothness can be embedded in Lipschitz spaces, is proved. For metric-measure spaces with heat kernels, a Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev theorem is establish, and hence it is proved that Lipschitz-type spaces with small orders of smoothness can be embedded in Lebesgue spaces.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 42B35. Secondary 46E35; 58J35; 43A99

The local Nash inequality is introduced as a natural extension of the classical Nash inequality yielding a space-homogeneous upper heat kernel estimate. The local Nash inequality contains local information of the heat kernel and is a necessary condition for the space-inhomogeneous heat kernel estimate involving the volume of balls like the one obtained by Li and Yau for a complete Riemannian manifold with non-negative Ricci curvature. Under the volume doubling property, the local Nash inequality combined with the exit time estimate is shown to be equivalent to a sub-Gaussian off-diagonal upper estimate of the heat kernel allowing space-inhomogeneity.

We study the Riemannian Laplace-Beltrami operator $L$ on a Riemannian manifold with Heisenberg group ${{H}_{1}}$ as boundary. We calculate the heat kernel and Green's function for $L$, and give global and small time estimates of the heat kernel. A class of hypersurfaces in this manifold can be regarded as approximations of ${{H}_{1}}$. We also restrict $L$ to each hypersurface and calculate the corresponding heat kernel and Green's function. We will see that the heat kernel and Green's function converge to the heat kernel and Green's function on the boundary.