A space $Y$ is called an extension of a space $X$ if $Y$ contains $X$ as a dense subspace. An extension $Y$ of $X$ is called a one-point extension if $Y\setminus X$ is a singleton. Compact extensions are called compactifications and connected extensions are called connectifications. It is well known that every locally compact noncompact space has a one-point compactification (known as the Alexandroff compactification) obtained by adding a point at infinity. A locally connected disconnected space, however, may fail to have a one-point connectification. It is indeed a long-standing question of Alexandroff to characterize spaces which have a one-point connectification. Here we prove that in the class of completely regular spaces, a locally connected space has a one-point connectification if and only if it contains no compact component.

A space $Y$ is called an extension of a space $X$ if $Y$ contains $X$ as a dense subspace. An extension $Y$ of $X$ is called a one-point extension of $X$ if $Y\setminus X$ is a singleton. P. Alexandroff proved that any locally compact non-compact Hausdorff space $X$ has a one-point compact Hausdorff extension, called the one-point compactification of $X$. Motivated by this, Mrówka and Tsai [‘On local topological properties. II’, Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. Sér. Sci. Math. Astronom. Phys.19 (1971), 1035–1040] posed the following more general question: For what pairs of topological properties ${\mathscr P}$ and ${\mathscr Q}$ does a locally-${\mathscr P}$ space $X$ having ${\mathscr Q}$ possess a one-point extension having both ${\mathscr P}$ and ${\mathscr Q}$? Here, we provide an answer to this old question.

It is known that if a topological property of Tychonoff spaces is closed-hereditary, productive and possessed by all compact Hausdorff spaces, then each (0-dimensional) Tychonoff space X is a dense subspace of a (0-dimensional) Tychonoff space with such that each continuous map from X to a (0-dimensional) Tychonoff space with admits a continuous extension over . In response to Broverman's question [Canad. Math. Bull. 19 (1), (1976), 13–19], we prove that if for every two 0-dimensional Tychonoff spaces X and Y, if and only if , then is contained in countable compactness.