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Chapter 7 introduces the topic of online grooming of children, which is facilitated by text chat due to the anonymity it provides predators. It examines one published example of chat interaction between an identified offender and his young teenage victim, which provides new insights on the interactional behaviours of predators when attempting to groom children, in the early nonsexual stages of online relationships. The analysis of this single episode demonstrates that online predators may use self-disclosure and personal announcements intended to provoke interest and sympathy in their victims. This has the effect of the victim letting down her guard and submitting personal self-disclosures of her own. Specifically, initial grooming trajectories may include getting acquainted behaviours, small talk, troubles announcements, self-disclosures involving personal life, expression of feelings; requests for information about relationships and discussion of sexual interests. While not evident in the examined chat interaction, exchange of photographs is also known to be common. Chapter findings suggest that it may be possible to recognize online predators and protect children, in early nonsexual stages of grooming, though further conversation analytical research across a variety of contexts and age groups is urgently needed.
Adolescent disclosure and information management with parents have been significantly examined within the last two decades for good reason, as it allows researchers to understand how adolescents are balancing both autonomy and relatedness within this important relationship and developmental period. However, parents are not the only close relationship partners that adolescents must learn to navigate this balance with; siblings and friends are also important confidants throughout adolescence and disclosure to these more egalitarian relationships is both similar to and different from disclosure to parents. In this chapter, we compare and contrast the frequency and content of adolescent disclosure to parents, siblings, and friends, as well as the ways in which disclosure affects each of these relationships and adolescent well-being. Finally, we examine the limitations of the current information management literature across these relationships and offer future directions toward integrating these literatures.
This research explores the theory of authentic leadership and the critiques on the theory by analyzing the portrayals of Queen Elizabeth II, Princess Diana, and Margaret Thatcher in season 4 of the Netflix’s series The Crown. Utilizing directed qualitative content analysis, we seek to understand how authenticity in leadership is manifested, its limitations, and the role of gender within this framework. The investigation highlights the challenges leaders face between expected role fulfillment and genuine self-expression. It explores the benefits and drawbacks of authenticity, the attribution of authenticity when the leaders deviate from the formal roles, the nature of the role as influencing the expression of authenticity (e.g., degrees of freedom associated with each role) and the complex interaction between gender and authenticity. In response to these findings, the concept of ‘leader bounded authenticity’ is proposed, suggesting a balance between adhering to the formal role and the display of authentic leadership.
Haitian writers produced a broad array of compelling texts during the nineteen years their country was under direct US rule. Today, it has become commonplace to identify Haitian literary production during that time as one of resistance. However, Haiti’s occupation-era literature is incredibly diverse. Many works from the period do not engage with the occupation at all, focusing instead on historical events, domestic dramas, or romance. In addition to thematic diversity, texts of this period reflect a variety of genres and forms. Some poets chose to experiment formally whereas others chose to create within the confines of fixed forms such as sonnets. Essayists displayed diverse ideological and political positions. This chapter offers a brief overview of Haitian literary works published during the US occupation of the country, from 1915 to 1934.
There is a need for comprehensive research on the species structure and the population dynamics of the most common aphidophagous species. A critical factor of the effectiveness of aphid biocontrol is the ratio of beneficial polyphagous (generalist) to oligo- or monophagous (specialist) species within the various trophic groups. Aphids' population density and environmental conditions influence the development and potential feeding of useful insects. The present study aimed to determine the community structure, relationships and diversity between aphids and their aphidophagous species in alfalfa fields using the following methods: sweeping with an entomological net, the quadratic method, coloured sticky board method, route survey method and visual observations. Research on the structure of the aphid–aphidophagous community revealed that aphidophagous species belong to three groups: (1) polyphagous predatory bugs from the families Anthocoridae and Nabidae, (2) oligophagous and polyphagous predators from the families Coccinellidae, Syrphidae and Chrysopidae; and (3) monophagous and oligophagous parasitoids, primarily from the families Aphidiidae and Ichneumonidae. From mid-May to June, there was a sufficiently large potential for aphidophagous species (Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, Chrysopidae, Anthocoridae and Nabidae) to control aphids, while in September, predatory ladybirds from the Coccinellidae family were the main biological control agents. Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) exhibited the highest values of diversity, dominance and richness indices among insect groups in the aphid–aphidophagous community. The existence of diverse aphidophagous species in alfalfa fields suggests that these predators can complement each other, leading to effective biological control of aphids. The synergy among different predator species holds promise for enhancing the overall efficacy of integrated pest management strategies.
Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by significant changes, increasing the risk of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Understanding how youth engage with mental health resources is essential. This study explored the role of interpersonal relationships—including peer-to-peer, adult-youth, parent, teacher and mentor relationships, and interactions with mental health professionals—in shaping youth mental health engagement and identified factors influencing these relationships. Using a phenomenological qualitative design, youth researchers (YRs) and youth advisors (YAs) were engaged throughout the research process. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with South African youth aged 14–24 years. The study highlighted the significance of peer relationships, particularly relatability, as key in youth mental health support. Family relationships had a mixed role, with factors like lack of mental health literacy, age differences, and cultural norms hindering effective communication and support. By understanding the dynamics of these relationships, this study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions that harness social support. Enhancing the quality of relationships and promoting positive social bonds can protect against mental health problems. Addressing gaps in support by recognizing and supporting peer-to-peer engagement is essential. Findings provide valuable insights for designing strategies to promote mental well-being among youth, particularly in resource-constrained settings.
Discover a groundbreaking perspective on personal and collective flourishing in this transformative book. Unveiling a dynamic synthesis of wellness, fairness, and worthiness, it presents a blueprint for thriving on personal, relational, occupational, systemic, community, and planetary scales. Move beyond the confines of individual well-being; embrace a holistic approach that encompasses entire groups, workplaces, communities, nations, and the world. While traditional psychology focused on personal thriving, the need for fostering the common good is now more urgent than ever-to combat pandemics, address climate change, champion peace, battle injustice, and elevate well-being globally. Dive into a compelling conceptual framework that guides theory, research, and action to tackle pressing global issues. This book pioneers a concise and powerful framework-three pillars of thriving: wellness, fairness, and worthiness. Join the movement towards a world where collective thriving is not just a goal, but a reality for all.
This article discusses the importance of personal recovery in psychiatry and proposes a new socially constitutive process. The author, an expert by experience, emphasises that recovery is not only an individual endeavour but also an intersubjective one. Moreover, social relationships and external factors such as community, family, health service culture and social norms influence the recovery process. The socially constitutive process posits that support from professionals and family members is crucial, significantly reducing the burden of responsibility carried by individuals with mental illness.
Half of all mental health problems start by the age of 15 and the teenage and young adult years are particularly difficult for girls with high and increasing rates of anxiety, depression and self-harm. Many different factors contribute, including social media, peer pressures, focus on appearance, friends, relationships, schoolwork and, as Everyone’s Invited has recently highlighted, personal safety. There is tremendous pressure to conform with the expectations of others. Attitudes to women and girls seem to have gone into reverse during the author’s lifetime. It is too simplistic to view the problems of young women as a simply a ‘lack of self-esteem’. The difficulties they face in society are consistently underestimated and not taken seriously. Fast access to therapy is crucial. Bullying must be addressed effectively. Sexist and mysogynistic attitudes in school must be challenged and, given the easy access now to pornography, the issues of consent should addressed head on by both parents and schools. Using the example of Everyone’s Invited, women and girls need to reach out and support each other. The personal is still political.
Women ‘hold the world together’ through their emotional labour in relationships and families, unpaid housework, mothering and caring work regardless of their jobs outside the home too. They have borne the heaviest burden of the Covid−19 epidemic on society worldwide. Yet the emotional and physical impact of their work remains undervalued. They still experience sexism in the workplace, and the intersectional factors of race, class and deprivation magnify their suffering. Feminism identified the ‘problem with no name’ which became a diagnosis of anxiety then depression and women are twice likely as men to be diagnosed with these common mental health problems, anxiety and depression, and this excess of depression is real, it is not simply unhappiness, but is neverthlesless related to particular stresses of the lives we lead. Historically, we were precribed benzodiazepines and now antidepressants, which do help many. However, health care systems largely ignore the massive part that gender plays in why more women than men get depressed. There is inadequate access for many women to the kind of therapy and support they need. Women need to come together to create these therapeutic spaces.
Chapter 1 details the major events in Goethe’s long and varied life, from its beginning to its end, and explains their significance for his development. The scope of the account ranges from intimate details of Goethe’s life to the impact of major political events on him and his work. It follows Goethe from location to location, examines the many strands of his career and considers particularly important relationships, professional, literary, intellectual and personal. The chapter also explains the circumstances of the composition of all his most significant works.
Community organizing within local faith-based institutions (churches, synagogues, mosques, etc.) is now widespread in the US and has seen adoption in several other countries. As congregation-based organizing has grown and matured as a field over four decades, leaders have drawn strong connections between the social and political goals of community organizing and the religious traditions and values of the participating congregations. This blending of organizing practices and religious traditions has been crucial to the success of this approach. This chapter describes some of the practices that congregation-based community organizing initiatives employ to build power among residents who are actively participating in defining and deciding how to alter the systems that affect their lives. A statewide organizing federation (PICO California) and the reflections of influential organizer Jose Carrasco serve as a case example of the intertwining of interfaith values with a power-based organizing approach.
This chapter focuses on how to explore opportunities to partner with families in articulating support systems for child health and wellbeing. In particular, it explores how student educators and educators can reach out to families and develop the necessary partnerships to successfully support parents in their parenting and caring roles, with the aim of positively influencing children’s family lives, health and wellbeing.
Roger Smith and his bankers from Wells Fargo’s Special Industries Group brought their experience in tech lending to Silicon Valley Bank (SVB). According to Smith, Bank of America (BOA) was the first bank to take warrants for the right to purchase shares as part of the loan cost that they charged tech companies who were backed by Venture Capitalists (VCs) in Silicon Valley’s early days. After both Bank of America and Wells Fargo exited tech lending, SVB became the sought-after bank for lending to tech companies. SVB perfected its tech lending practice to startups that were VC-funded entities. This practice would later be called venture lending, venture loans, or venture debts in the United States and overseas.1
Some neo-Aristotelians see a strong link between virtues and eudaimonia or flourishing, but others do not. After acknowledging this difference, the chapter explores some of the possible implications of this link. The view explored in this chapter is that virtues contribute to success in goal and good pursuit, which, in turn, contributes to a flourishing life. The neo-Aristotelian view examined holds that there are things that are good for humans qua humans (e.g., close personal relationships, group belonging). Success in pursuing these goods is hypothesized to be correlated with eudaimonia. It explores several challenges in studying eudaimonia, but concludes that eudaimonia research should continue and be updated as conceptualization and measurement improves. The chapter concludes with a discussion of three well-documented human goods (close personal relationships, group belonging, and meaning) and their hypothesized relationships with specific virtues (e.g., loyalty, forgiveness, honesty).
Chapter 10 explores how young children’s science identity can be enhanced when thoughtful pedagogy is provided by the EC professional. The first part of this chapter presents the definitions of science identity and pedagogy, followed by an exploration of the relationship between EC professional beliefs and what they teach. The second half of the chapter presents two case studies to illustrate pedagogical practices associated with the learning and teaching of science with young children, using play as a medium, in order to enhance their science identity.
Since 1995 there has been intense debate about whether the WTO Agreement is just. Many observers point to the association of the treaty with intensive interdependence and the disruptive effects of globalization to assert that it is unjust. Nevertheless, justice in sovereign terms is different from justice in human terms. This book puts forward a theory of WTO law to explain the difference and its implications for the international trading system. It details how economic interdependence gives rise to an interdependent view of the relationship between different forms of justice and to interdependent obligations in WTO law. It also suggests how the WTO dispute settlement system might have a residual value as a locus for transformative outcomes despite contemporary concerns about the system's political acceptability. Taken together, such insights may assist in identifying elements of a general theory of law.
Although there have been attempts to make relationship science more diverse and inclusive, as it stands, the external sociocultural forces that impact relationships have not been at the forefront of research. We argue that romantic relationships cannot be divorced from the sociocultural context in which they exist. This chapter reviews the literature to explain the “context problem” faced by relationship science, highlighting the importance of including intersectional, context-driven research in the field. We then provide an overview of each chapter in the volume.
Midcareer is a critical transition point for biomedical research faculty and a common dropout point from an NIH-funded career. We report a study to assess the efficacy of a group peer mentoring program for diverse biomedical researchers in academic medicine, seeking to improve vitality, career advancement, and cross-cultural competence.
Methods:
We conducted a stratified randomized controlled trial with a waitlist control group involving 40 purposefully diverse early midcareer research faculty from 16 states who had a first-time NIH R01 (or equivalent) award, a K training grant, or a similar major grant. The yearlong intervention (2 to 3 days quarterly) consisted of facilitated, structured, group peer mentoring. Main study aims were to enhance faculty vitality, self-efficacy in achieving research success, career advancement, mentoring others, and cultural awareness and appreciation of diversity in the workplace.
Results:
Compared to the control group, the intervention group’s increased vitality did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.20), but perceived change in vitality was 1.47 standard deviations higher (D = 1.47, P = 0.03). Self-efficacy for career advancement was higher in the intervention group (D = 0.41, P = 0.05) as was self-efficacy for research (D = 0.57, P = 0.02). The intervention group also valued diversity higher (D = 0.46, P = 0.02), had higher cognitive empathy (D = 0.85, P = 0.03), higher anti-sexism/racism skills (D = 0.71, P = 0.01), and higher self-efficacy in mentoring others (D = 1.14, P = 0.007).
Conclusions:
The mentoring intervention resulted in meaningful change in important dimensions and skills among a national sample of diverse early midcareer biomedical faculty. This mentoring program holds promise for addressing the urgencies of sustaining faculty vitality and cross-cultural competence.
Infertility is a reproductive health condition that is often not openly discussed. By not discussing this condition, many stigmas and stereotypes may be ascribed. For example, many think that infertility pertains only to women, although men may also receive an infertility diagnosis. Race and ethnicity can impact how male factor infertility is understood, communicated, and managed. The aim of this chapter is to synthesize available research regarding biopsychosocial variables of male factor infertility with African American men while offering support considerations.