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To understand life phenomena, we must consider form, structure, organization, motion, and the roles they play in “living” functions. This book explores such elements through mathematical methods. Beginning with an overview of dynamical systems and stochastic processes, the chapters that follow build on experimental advances in quantitative data in cellular processes to demonstrate the applications of these mathematical methods to characterize living organisms. The topics covered include not only cellular motions but also temporal changes in metabolic components, protein levels, membrane potentials, cell types, and multicellular patterns, which are linked to functions such as cellular responses, adaptation, and morphogenesis. This book is intended for undergraduates, graduates, and researchers interested in theory and modeling in biology, in particular cell, developmental, and systems biology, also those in the fields of mathematics and physics who are interested in these topics.
This groundbreaking volume is designed to meet the burgeoning needs of the research community and industry. This book delves into the critical aspects of AI's self-assessment and decision-making processes, addressing the imperative for safe and reliable AI systems in high-stakes domains such as autonomous driving, aerospace, manufacturing, and military applications. Featuring contributions from leading experts, the book provides comprehensive insights into the integration of metacognition within AI architectures, bridging symbolic reasoning with neural networks, and evaluating learning agents' competency. Key chapters explore assured machine learning, handling AI failures through metacognitive strategies, and practical applications across various sectors. Covering theoretical foundations and numerous practical examples, this volume serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, educators, and industry professionals interested in fostering transparency and enhancing reliability of AI systems.
For decades, American lawyers have enjoyed a monopoly over legal services, built upon strict unauthorized practice of law rules and prohibitions on nonlawyer ownership of law firms. Now, though, this monopoly is under threat-challenged by the one-two punch of new AI-driven technologies and a staggering access-to-justice crisis, which sees most Americans priced out of the market for legal services. At this pivotal moment, this volume brings together leading legal scholars and practitioners to propose new conceptual frameworks for reform, drawing lessons from other professions, industries, and places, both within the United States and across the world. With critical insights and thoughtful assessments, Rethinking the Lawyers' Monopoly seeks to help shape and steer the coming revolution in the legal services marketplace. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The current shift to renewable energy is dominated by globalised energy companies building large-scale wind and solar plants. This book discusses the consequences and possibilities of this shift in India, Germany, and Australia, focusing on regions which have now largely decarbonised electricity generation. The authors show how centralised models of energy provision are maintained, and chart their impacts in terms of energy geography, social stratification, and socio-ecological appropriation. The chapters emphasise the prominent role played by state regulation, financial incentives, and public infrastructure for corporate renewables, arguing that public provision should be re-purposed for distributed renewables, social equity in affected regions, and for wider social benefit. This interdisciplinary book provides fertile building ground for research in - and application of - future energy transitions. It will appeal to students, researchers, and policy makers from anthropology, sociology, politics and political economy, geography, and environmental and sustainability studies.
Widely popular amongst exam candidates, Dr Podcast is a great way to revise for your Primary FRCA. Providing questions and model answers spanning the breadth of the exam syllabus and fully updated in this second edition, this revision aid allows you to experience the format of questions likely to be asked and it provides tips on how to excel in the exam. Supplemented with helpful illustrations to explain answers, you will learn what to expect in the exam and how differently worded questions on the same topic require modified approaches. Each script has an accompanying podcast audio recording, enabling on-the-go revision. Written and updated by successful candidates providing insight and experience of the exam, all the material has been reviewed by experienced consultants with detailed knowledge of the educational standards. If you are preparing for your Primary FRCA exam, Dr Podcast Scripts for the Primary FRCA is a must!
Capturing the stories of sixteen women who made significant contributions to the development of quantum physics, this anthology highlights how, from the very beginning, women played a notable role in shaping one of the most fascinating and profound scientific fields of our time. Rigorously researched and written by historians, scientists, and philosophers of science, the findings in this interdisciplinary book transform traditional physics historiography. Entirely new sources are included alongside established sources that are examined from a fresh perspective. These concise biographies serve as a valuable counterweight to the prevailing narrative of male genius, and demonstrate that in the history of quantum physics, women of all backgrounds have been essential contributors all along. Accessible and engaging, this book is relevant for a wide audience including historians, scientists and science educators, gender theorists and sociologists.
How Economic Ideas Evolve offers a unique perspective on the development of political economies in Europe. With three major contributions, the book first establishes a link between religious, social, and economic ideas and the diverging development of political economies in Europe. Secondly, the work provides a historical sociological analysis of the contextual factors that influenced the development of religiously inspired socio-economic ideas. Chapters examine the impact of these ideas on economic and welfare institutions in Germany and Italy over three centuries. Lastly, the book goes beyond classic historical sociology to focus on the long-term developmental trajectories and impact of ideas on politics and policy. Thorough and expansive, How Economic Ideas Evolve contributes to the emerging scholarship of ideational historical sociology, broadening the toolkit of historical sociology to research the development and impact of socio-economic ideas and ideologies over long periods of time.
China's war against Japan was, at its heart, a struggle for food. As the Nationalists, Chinese Communist Party, and Japanese vied for a dwindling pool of sustenance, grain emerged as the lynchpin of their strategies for a long-term war effort. In the first in-depth examination of how the Nationalists fed their armies, Jennifer Yip demonstrates how the Chinese government relied on mass civilian mobilization to carry out all stages of provisioning, from procurement to transportation and storage. The intensive use of civilian labor and assets–a distinctly preindustrial resource base– shaped China's own conception of its total war effort, and distinguished China's experience as unique mong World War Two combatants. Yip challenges the predominant image of World War II as one of technological prowess, and the tendency to conflate total war with industrialized warfare. Ultimately, China sustained total war against the odds with premodern means: by ruthlessly extracting civilian resources.
Émile Zola was the nineteenth century's pre-eminent naturalist writer and theoretician, spearheading a cultural movement that was rooted in positivist thought and an ethic of sober observation. As a journalist, Zola drove home his vision of a type of literature that described rather than prescribed, that anatomised rather than embellished – one that worked, in short, against idealism. Yet in the pages of his fiction, a complex picture emerges in which Zola appears drawn to the ideal—to the speculative, the implausible, the visionary – more than he liked to admit. Spanning the period from Zola's epic Germinal to his fateful intervention in the Dreyfus Affair, Zola's Dream is the first book to explore how the 'quarrel' between idealists and naturalists shaped the ambitions of the novel at the end of the nineteenth century, when differences over literary aesthetics invariably spoke of far-reaching cultural and political struggles.
How did people in East Africa come to see themselves as 'Africans', and where did these concepts originate from? Utilizing a global intellectual history lens, Ethan Sanders traces how ideas stemming from global black intellectuals of the Atlantic and others shaped the imaginations of East Africans in the early twentieth century. This study centres on the African Association, a trans-territorial pan-Africanist organization that promoted global visions of African unity. No mere precursor to anti-colonial territorial nationalism, the organization eschewed territorial thinking and sought to build a continental African nation from the 1920s to the 1940s, at odds with later forms of nationalism in Africa. Sanders explores in depth the thought of James Aggrey, Paul Sindi Seme, and Julius Nyerere, three major twentieth-century pan-Africanists. This book rethinks definitions of pan-Africanism, demonstrating how expressions of both practical and redemptive pan-Africanism inspired those who joined the African Association and embraced an African identity.
Important concepts from the diverse fields of physics, mathematics, engineering and computer science coalesce in this foundational text on the cutting-edge field of quantum information. Designed for undergraduate and graduate students with any STEM background, and written by a highly experienced author team, this textbook draws on quantum mechanics, number theory, computer science technologies, and more, to delve deeply into learning about qubits, the building blocks of quantum information, and how they are used in quantum computing and quantum algorithms. The pedagogical structure of the chapters features exercises after each section as well as focus boxes, giving students the benefit of additional background and applications without losing sight of the big picture. Recommended further reading and answers to select exercises further support learning. Written in approachable and conversational prose, this text offers a comprehensive treatment of the exciting field of quantum information while remaining accessible to students and researchers within all STEM disciplines.
Climate-related loss and damage has been dominating international climate change negotiations in recent years. Until now we have had little understanding of how individual states are grappling with climate change destruction. Governing Climate Change Loss and Damage offers among the first book-length explorations of how loss and damage policy works at a national level. It focuses specifically on countries in the Global South on the frontline of climate change to identify new mechanisms through which key factors – climate risks and impacts, international developments, national institutions and the ideational landscape – shape policy engagement, development and adoption. Guided by an original theoretical framework and seven original empirical case studies, this book shows the way to more effective governance of loss and damage now and in the future. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Late Antiquity marked one of the most significant transitions in European history-one that saw the rise of Christianity and the transformation of the classical Mediterranean world of ancient Rome. The richness of its art and the wealth of its archaeological remains have increasingly been recognised in recent decades and new discoveries and ongoing research are currently altering the ways in which we perceive the period. These two volumes provide a wide-ranging guide to the art and archaeology of the period 300-700 CE. Key monuments and artifact-types are discussed and placed in their historical contexts, but significant attention is also paid to the main cities, regions and peoples playing a prominent role in the history of the period as well as to some key issues and debates in its study. The chapters are written by leading experts and will be invaluable for any student or scholar interested in the period.
Stochastic thermodynamics has emerged as a comprehensive theoretical framework for a large class of non-equilibrium systems including molecular motors, biochemical reaction networks, colloidal particles in time-dependent laser traps, and bio-polymers under external forces. This book introduces the topic in a systematic way, beginning with a dynamical perspective on equilibrium statistical physics. Key concepts like the identification of work, heat and entropy production along individual stochastic trajectories are then developed and shown to obey various fluctuation relations beyond the well-established linear response regime. Representative applications are then discussed, including simple models of molecular motors, small chemical reaction networks, active particles, stochastic heat engines and information machines involving Maxwell demons. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers of physics, biophysics, and physical chemistry, with an interest in non-equilibrium phenomena.