Two sediment cores collected from beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica describe the physical sedimentation patterns beneath an existing major embayed ice shelf. Core AM01b was collected from a site of basal freezing, contrasting with core AM02, collected from a site of basal melting. Both cores comprise Holocene siliceous muddy ooze (SMO), however, AM01b also recovered interbedded siliciclastic mud, sand and gravel with inclined bedding in its lower 27 cm. This interval indicates an episode of variable but strong current activity before SMO sedimentation became dominant. 14C ages corrected for old surface ages are consistent with previous dating of marine sediments in Prydz Bay. However, the basal age of AM01b of 28250 ± 230 14C yr bp probably results from greater contamination by recycled organic matter. Lithology, 14C surface ages, absolute diatom abundance, and the diatom assemblage are used as indicators of sediment transport pathways beneath the ice shelf. The transport pathways suggested from these indicators do not correspond to previous models of the basal melt/freeze pattern. This indicates that the overturning baroclinic circulation beneath the Amery Ice Shelf (near-bed inflow–surface outflow) is a more important influence on basal melt/freeze and sediment distributions than the barotropic circulation that produces inflow in the east and outflow in the west of the ice front. Localized topographic (ice draft and bed elevation) variations are likely to play a dominant role in the resulting sub-ice shelf melt and sediment distribution.

We continue our previous investigations (Yang, Zabusky, & Chern, 1990; Zabusky & Zhang, 2002) of the interaction of a shock with a planar, inclined curtain (slow/fast/slow) to a wider Mach number range (M = 1.5, 2.0, and 5.0) and longer times. In all cases, the generic features may be explained in terms of the opposite-signed vortex layers (deposited by the shock wave), which approach and collide to form a complex vortex bilayer (VBL). At M ≤ 2.0, the VBL traverses the shock tube and eventually collides with the opposite horizontal boundary and evolves into upstream and downstream moving inhomogeneous vortex projectiles (VPs) (Zabusky & Zeng, 1998). This is manifested as early-time “breakthrough” (Yang, Zabusky, & Chern, 1990). During the traversal, we observe and scale a strong secondary baroclinic circulation enhancement. We track and quantify the VPs and show that their velocities compare well to that from a simple vortex model. We also display turbulent domains and a new rapid early time turbulization at M = 5, when the VBL is narrower.