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3 results

  • 17 - Quantitative Genetic Research Strategies for Studying Gene-Environment Interplay in the Development of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

  • from Part IV - Developmental Psychopathology and Longitudinal Methods
  • Edited by Aidan G. C. Wright, University of Pittsburgh, Michael N. Hallquist, Pennsylvania State University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
    Published online:
    23 March 2020
    Print publication:
    02 April 2020, pp 219-229

  • Summary

    Quantitative genetic research includes a range of genetically sensitive research designs that rely on family samples to study the relative importance of genes and environments for individual difference in psychopathology. The past decades have seen an increase in quantitative genetic research focused on the origins of childhood and adolescent psychopathology. Evidence from this research univocally demonstrates that genetic factors play an important role in all forms of psychopathology, and that these genetic factors interact with the environment to shape the development of childhood and adolescent psychopathology. The goal of this chapter is to highlight how recent methodological developments and the accumulation of longitudinal data now allow quantitative genetic research to go beyond asking “if” genetic factors are important, to instead address important questions regarding gene-environment interplay in the development of childhood and adolescent psychopathology. It begins by introducing the family, adoption, and twin designs, and summarizing the main findings from these methods for child and adolescent psychopathology. It then provides concrete examples of how multivariate and longitudinal quantitative genetic research designs can be used to address important questions regarding etiology across different levels of symptom severity, comorbidity, and development, and to study gene-environment interplay in child and adolescent psychopathology. It concludes by highlighting important outstanding questions in childhood psychopathology that need to be addressed in future quantitative genetic research.

  • Chapter 19 - The genetics of schizophrenia

  • Edited by John I. Nurnberger, Jr, Wade Berrettini, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
  • Book:
    Principles of Psychiatric Genetics
    Published online:
    05 October 2012
    Print publication:
    13 September 2012, pp 230-261

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews the evidence for genetic and environmental influences, both specified and unspecified in antisocial behavior. It discusses heritability of both adult and child mental disorders in DSM-IV-TR, for which antisocial behavior is central to their diagnosis. The chapter also reviews heritability of the related externalizing disorders. It highlights some of the most exciting new directions in this field, which aim to unpack the genetic and environmental black boxes in antisocial behavior, and provides the complexities of the gene-environment interplay in antisocial development. Evidence of genetic influences on antisocial behavior does not implicate that individuals exhibiting antisocial behavior are immune or resistant to interventions. Future research with combined approaches from behavior genetics and neuroscience will lead to better understanding of specific genes that result in structural and functional brain impairments that in turn give rise to antisocial, violent, and psychopathic behavior.

  • Adverse life event reporting and worst illness episodes in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders: measuring environmental risk for genetic research

  • G. M. Hosang, A. Korszun, L. Jones, I. Jones, J. M. Gray, C. M. Gunasinghe, P. McGuffin, A. E. Farmer
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 40 / Issue 11 / November 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 February 2010, pp. 1829-1837
  • Background

    Studies exploring gene–environment interplay in affective disorders now include very large numbers of participants. Methods for evaluating the role of adversity in such studies need to be developed that do not rely on lengthy and labour-intensive interviews. In the present study, a brief questionnaire method for measuring 11 adverse events reported before interview and before their worst illness episodes by bipolar, unipolar and healthy control participants, participating in genetic association studies, was evaluated.

    Method

    Five hundred and twelve bipolar disorder (BD) participants, 1447 participants with recurrent unipolar depression (UPD) and 1346 psychiatrically healthy control participants underwent the researcher-administered version of the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) for the 6 months before their worst affective episodes for UPD and BD participants, and for the 6 months before interview for the UPD participants and controls.

    Results

    UPD and BD cases were significantly more likely to report at least one event, as well as more events in the 6 months before interview and before their worst illness episodes, than healthy controls. Both manic and depressive episodes were significantly associated with adverse events in the BD cases. Depressed mood at the time of interview influenced event reporting in UPD and control participants but not the BD cases. Age was negatively correlated with the number of events reported by controls.

    Conclusions

    The researcher-administered LTE-Q provides a measure of case-control differences for adversity that is applicable in large genetic association studies. Confounding factors for event reporting include present mood and age.