This paper proposes fractal-inspired array antennae for wideband applications. The proposed antennae have a resonance frequency range of 20–40 GHz. The modified fractal antennae are fabricated with a height of 1.6 mm, substrate width, and length of 100, 50, 25, and 18.75 mm2, and a simulated result shows that the gain is increased to 11.04, 11.9, 8.4, and 6 dBi, and the designed antennae radiate power with directivity of 11.3, 13.4, 9.29, and 7.17 dBi concerning proposed designs A, B, C, and D, respectively. The proposed antennae with 5G New Radio (NR) bands have more radiation concerning resonate frequencies in the 20–40 GHz range with Φ = 0°, Φ = 90°, and θ = 90°. Moreover, the bandwidths for applications covered in the 5G NR and sub-6G are 1.92, 0.73, 0.7, 2.4, 1.3, 5.3, and 1.26 GHz, and 3.4, 3.7, 2.67, and 4.65 GHz, and 2, 3.5, and 1.57 GHz, and 2.5, 1.5, and 1.0 GHz with the maximum return loss of 37 dB, 32.8 dB, 31.2 dB, and 23 dB with corresponding resonate frequencies as 21.5, 27.6, 33, and 27.6 GHz concerning designs A, B, C, and D, respectively. The proposed antennae have been implemented and validated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST), Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), spectrum analyzer, and power sensor.

In this paper, non-uniform meandered line shunt capacitive RF-MEMS switch is presented at an elliptical patch etched with a split-ring resonator (SRR) for satellite communication applications. The non-uniform meander line shunt capacitive is a fixed-fixed type of RF-MEMS switch that is introduced in this model antenna. The proposed antenna design is resonated at 10.46 GHz with the return loss of −37.6 dB. The performance evolution of the proposed antenna design is evaluated with and without integrated RF-MEMS switch on the proposed antenna SRR. It is observed that the proposed model at the ON-state switch resonates at 10.57 GHz frequency with the return loss of −30 dB. Similarly, at the OFF-state switch, it resonates at 10.53 GHz frequency with the return loss of −43 dB. Al3N4 (aluminum nitride) is used for the switch as a dielectric material, hence the switch attains higher isolation. The actuation voltage of 7.9 V is required for the switch to actuate from ON to OFF state. The switch attains minimum insertion and return loss which is discussed in further sections. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested by a vector network analyzer; there is a good agreement between the simulated and measured results.

In this paper a new design of compact single layered triangular slotted microstrip patch antenna with spur lines and strip loading is proposed. It has been experimentally investigated that strip loading causes more size reduction where spur lines and triangular slot introduces multi frequency operation of microstrip patch antenna. The size reduction has been found to be 87% for the proposed antenna. In this article the effect of strip loading and spur lines over compactness are individually analyzed.

Fractals have unique properties such as self-similarity and space-filling. The use of fractal geometry in antenna design provides a good method for achieving the desired miniaturization, multi-band, and wideband properties. In this communication, novel fractal geometry is proposed based on which a multiband antenna is designed. The proposed antenna has fractal patches which are shaped as different iterations of an eight-pointed star. The multiband behavior is in the frequency range from 4.50 to 17.00 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed on a dielectric substrate Roggers RO4003 lossy with a dielectric constant of εr = 3.55. The antenna has applications in commercial and military communication system.

Asymmetric slits loaded irregular shaped microstrip patch antenna with three different ground structures is proposed. All three antennas show triple band characteristics. First antenna with regular ground plane resonates at 1.95, 2.4, and 4.90 GHz with good radiation characteristics and shows right-hand circular polarization at 1.95 GHz. 18.75% of compactness is achieved with triple band characteristics. Further, same patch is used with different defected ground structures. Second antenna resonates at 1.85, 2.4, and 4.85 GHz with suppressed cross-polarization level and antenna shows right-hand circular polarization at 1.85 and 4.85 GHz. Compactness is further improved to the value of 22.91%. The third antenna resonates at 1.95, 2.4, and 4.85 GHz with better gain and radiation characteristics and antenna shows right-hand circular polarization at 1.95 and 2.4 GHz. The small frequency ratio f2/f1 is achieved and the value of f2/f1 is 1.29 and 1.23 for second and third configuration, respectively. Proposed structures show right-hand circularly polarized with suppressed left-hand circularly polarized radiations and suitable for fixed mobile wireless communication applications. All structures are analyzed using Ansoft HFSS v.14 based on finite element method and measured results satisfy the simulated results.

In this paper, a triple-band 1 × 2 and 1 × 4 microstrip patch antenna array for next-generation wireless and satellite-based applications are presented. The targeted frequency bands are 3.6, 5.2 and 6.7 GHz, respectively. Simple design procedures and optimization techniques are discussed to achieve better antenna performance. The antenna is designed and simulated using Agilent ADS Momentum using FR4 substrate (εr = 4.2 and h = 1.66 mm). The main patch of the antenna is designed for 3.6 GHz operation. A hybrid feed technique is used for antenna arrays with quarter-wave transformer-based network to match the impedance from the feed-point to the antenna to 50 Ω. The antenna is optimized to resonate at triple-bands by using two symmetrical slits. The single-element triple-band antenna is fabricated and characterized, and a comparison between the simulated and measured antenna is presented. The achieved simulated impedance bandwidths/gains for the 1 × 2 array are 1.67%/7.75, 1.06%/7.7, and 1.65%/9.4 dBi and for 1 × 4 array are 1.67%/10.2, 1.45%/8.2, and 1.05%/10 dBi for 3.6, 5.2, and 6.7 GHz bands, respectively, which are very practical. These antenna arrays can also be used for advanced antenna beam-steering systems.

In this paper, material selection has been done for dielectric substrate material in microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for three distinct classes of wireless communication applications using Ashby's approach. This material selection procedure is based on the creation and evaluation of Ashby's chart of different material indices. These material indices in turn affect the device performance indices, which decide the best possible dielectric material to be used as substrate for MPAs. In this work, quality factor, relative permittivity, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency are chosen as material indices of MPA's dielectric substrate to get relevant performances. Ashby's selection chart shows that 0.75MgAl2O4–0.25TiO2 material for millimeter waves applications, Ca[(L1/3Nb2/3)0.85Ti0.15]O3−δ for mobile base station applications, and (Ba0.95Ca0.05)O–Sm2O3–4.5TiO2 ceramic for mobile phone miniaturization applications are the promising materials that allows best overall performance in MPAs for wireless communication.

In this contribution, fundamental design considerations for a novel metallization technique to realize millimeter-wave microstrip structures are presented. This hot embossing technology is a fast and economic process originating from the production of three-dimensional molded interconnect devices. Conductive structures are coated onto plastic parts or plastic foils using a heated stamp. This approach shows high potential and therefore will be investigated for the fabrication of low-cost printed antennas at millimeter-wave frequencies. The focus of this contribution is on design guidelines considering process parameters and interactions with substrate and copper foil characteristics derived from the fabrication and measurement of single microstrip patch antenna prototypes for radar applications in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 24 GHz. Far-reaching potential lies in the utilization of the three-dimensional manufacturing technology for the construction of conformal integrated antenna systems based on the thermoforming capabilities of polymer substrates.