Recruiting and retaining research participants is challenging because it often requires overcoming structural barriers and addressing how histories of mistrust and individuals’ lived experiences affect their research engagement. We describe a pilot workshop designed to educate clinical research professionals on using empathy skills to recognize and mitigate bias to improve recruitment and retention. In a post-workshop survey (22/31 participants completed), 94% agreed the workshop helped them practice perspective-taking, recognize implicit bias, and identify opportunities for empathy. Participants reported increased confidence in key recruitment and retention skills (p < 0.05). Future studies will evaluate whether this translates into improved recruitment.

Long-term health and developmental impact after in utero opioid and other substance exposures is unclear. There is an urgent need for well-designed, prospective, long-term observational studies. The HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study aims to address this need. It will require optimizing recruitment and retention of caregivers and young children in long-term research. Therefore, a scoping review of original research articles, indexed in the PubMed database and published in English between January 1, 2010, and November 23, 2023, was conducted on recruitment and retention strategies of caregiver–child (≤6 years old) dyads in observational, cohort studies. Among 2,902 titles/abstracts reviewed, 37 articles were found eligible. Of those, 29 (78%) addressed recruitment, and 18 (49%) addressed retention. Thirty-four (92%) articles focused on strategies for facilitating recruitment and/or retention, while 18 (49%) described potentially harmful approaches. Recruitment and retention facilitators included face-to-face and regular contact, establishing a relationship with study personnel, use of technology and social platforms, minimizing inconveniences, and promoting incentives. This review demonstrates that numerous factors can affect engagement of caregivers and their children in long-term cohort studies. Better understanding of these factors can inform researchers about optimal approaches to recruitment and retention of caregiver–child dyads in longitudinal research.

Gecarcinid crabs have their life cycles in antagonistic scenarios, with their larvae developing in the sea and the juvenile/adult phases occurring on land. Adults migrate from land to sea to release their larvae, which return to land upon reaching the megalopa stage. Recruitment and early instar traits in gecarcinids crabs remain unknown, leading to some species lacking age-specific information. Despite massive recruitment observed in some insular gecarcinid species (e.g. Gecarcoidea natalis), recruits are generally expected to be few and exhibit cryptic behaviour, potentially occupying the burrows of conspecifics. We evaluated whether recruits of Johngarthia lagostoma on Trindade Island, Brazil, co-inhabit larger conspecific burrows, analysing this occurrence and examining their growth patterns, density, and body size across different lunar phases. Johngarthia lagostoma recruits inhabit conspecific burrows, either abandoned or occupied by adult crabs, but always with leaves stored in the inner chamber. Recruits in co-inhabiting behaviour reach a maximum carapace width of 7.3 mm, and after that, they are likely detected by the adults and possibly cannibalized or leave burrows naturally. During the full moon, the higher density and smaller size of recruits were recorded, indicating a recruitment lunar phase. It is crucial to ascertain the prevalence of co-inhabitation behaviours in other land crab species to expand the knowledge about recruitment patterns in these key community species.

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic required an immediate global clinical research response. The ACTIV (Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines)-3 trials and the ACTIV-associated Outpatient Treatment with Anti-Coronavirus Immunoglobulin trial used Good Participatory Practices (GPP) to develop materials for study implementation from a global network perspective. GPP guidelines offer a framework for engaging stakeholders throughout the research process. This paper provides an overview of the materials developed and their applicability in various settings, reports results from a survey of study site personnel on the materials’ usefulness, summarizes important lessons learned, and serves as a reference for networks eager to apply GPP. Survey results showed that flipbooks and overview videos were highly ranked. Stakeholder input was valuable in developing easily understandable participant-facing materials with culturally appropriate images. Materials should be available to submit with the initial protocol submissions to ethics committees, and in formats that accommodate a wide range of institutional resources, policies, and infection-control practices. This article emphasizes the importance of GPP, including stakeholder consultation, in developing materials that support clinical research and address language, cultural, and sociopolitical barriers during a pandemic. The findings will be used to optimize efforts and resource allocation for new and ongoing studies.

Underrepresentation of people from racial and ethnic minoritized groups in clinical trials threatens external validity of clinical and translational science, diminishes uptake of innovations into practice, and restricts access to the potential benefits of participation. Despite efforts to increase diversity in clinical trials, children and adults from Latino backgrounds remain underrepresented. Quality improvement concepts, strategies, and tools demonstrate promise in enhancing recruitment and enrollment in clinical trials. To demonstrate this promise, we draw upon our team’s experience conducting a randomized clinical trial that tests three behavioral interventions designed to promote equity in language and social-emotional skill acquisition among Latino parent–infant dyads from under-resourced communities. The recruitment activities took place during the COVID-19 pandemic, which intensified the need for responsive strategies and procedures. We used the Model for Improvement to achieve our recruitment goals. Across study stages, we engaged strategies such as (1) intentional team formation, (2) participatory approaches to setting goals, monitoring achievement, selecting change strategies, and (3) small iterative tests that informed additional efforts. These strategies helped our team overcome several barriers. These strategies may help other researchers apply quality improvement tools to increase participation in clinical and translational research among people from minoritized groups.

Educational opportunities for investigators and staff to promote inclusive research practices are a critical piece of the effort to increase diversity in study participation and promote health equity. However, few trainings to date have empirically been shown to result in behavior changes. We present preliminary evaluation findings for the Just Research workshop offered at the University of Wisconsin–Madison between October 2022 and August 2023. These sessions included 80 participants who made up 4 cohorts. Data was collected through a retrospective pre/post-test survey administered 0–7 days following the workshop (n = 70), and a follow-up survey administered 9–12 months following the workshop (n = 21). Participants demonstrate significant increases in knowledge and self-efficacy regarding implementing inclusive practices post-intervention (p < .001). 85.7% of participants who completed the follow-up survey reported implementing inclusive practices.

Dyads can be challenging to recruit for research studies, but detailed reporting on strategies employed to recruit adult–adolescent dyads is rare. We describe experiences recruiting adult–youth dyads for a hypertension education intervention comparing recruitment in an emergency department (ED) setting with a school-based community setting. We found more success in recruiting dyads through a school-based model that started with adolescent youth (19 dyads in 7 weeks with < 1 hour recruitment) compared to an ED-based model that started with adults (2 dyads in 17 weeks with 350 hours of recruitment). These findings can benefit future adult–youth dyad recruitment for research studies.

Strategies are needed to ensure greater participation of underrepresented groups in diabetes research. We examined the impact of a remote study protocol on enrollment in diabetes research, specifically the Pre-NDPP clinical trial. Recruitment was conducted among 2807 diverse patients in a safety-net healthcare system. Results indicated three-fold greater odds of enrolling in remote versus in-person protocols (AOR 2.90; P < 0.001 [95% CI 2.29–3.67]). Priority populations with significantly higher enrollment included Latinx and Black individuals, Spanish speakers, and individuals who had Medicaid or were uninsured. A remote study design may promote overall recruitment into clinical trials, while effectively supporting enrollment of underrepresented groups.

In this article Emma Sullivan and Sandra Smythe go through the presentation they gave at the BIALL conference entitled “Apprenticeship pathways into the library, information and knowledge profession”. Emma and Sandra co-Chair the CILIP Trailblazer group, which is currently developing a Level 7 Library, Information and Knowledge Professional Apprenticeship Standard. Here they discuss how and why they became involved with the group and why the apprenticeship route is so important for the profession, both for employees and employers. (For more background to the CILIP apprenticeship schemes see page 140 of the Autumn 2023 issue of LIM.)

We conducted a literature review to identify commonly used recruitment and retention strategies in research among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors 15-39 years of age and examine the effectiveness of these strategies based on the reported recruitment and retention rates. We identified 18 publications published after 2010, including 14 articles describing recruitment strategies and four articles discussing retention strategies and addressing reasons for AYA cancer patients dropping out of the studies. In terms of recruitment, Internet and social networking strategies were used most frequently and resulted in higher participation rates of AYA cancer survivors compared to other conventional methods, such as hospital-based outreach, mailings, and phone calls. In terms of retention, investigators used monetary incentives in all four studies and regular emails in two studies. There was no association between the number of strategies employed and the overall recruitment (p = 0.09) and retention rates (p = 0.33). Future research and planned studies testing recruitment and retention strategies are needed to identify optimal, modern communication procedures to increase AYA participation and adherence. More education should be provided to AYAs to increase their knowledge of research studies and strengthen the connection between AYA cancer survivors and their health providers.