This study presents an individualized coaching approach tailored to the stages of proximity of promising scientists interested in becoming independently funded researchers in the context of a minority-serving institution. This strategy defined the participant’s stage of proximity by their number of first-author publications in peer-reviewed journals and their track record in submitting research grants. We argue that coaching tailored by stages is an asset to maintain the enthusiasm, persistence, and positive attitude of promising scientists as they try to reach independent investigator status. Furthermore, this valuable educational approach supports the development of management and leadership skills in defined scientific domains.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Our research would be the first therapeutic to both prevent and treat osteoarthritis - helping 27 millions U.S. citizens alone immediately. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our objective is to conjugate hyaluronic acid binding peptides (HABP) to anionic hollow nanoparticle (hNP), and allowing the HABP-hNP complex to penetrate into osteoarthritic cartilage, bind to exposed HA, prevent further degradation, and restore the compressive strength of articular cartilage. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: N-isopropyl acrylamide, 2-acrylamindo-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, N,N’-bis(acryoyl)cystamine, and Acrylic Acid, in fluorescent batches rhodamine b isothiocyanate (RBITC), were polymerized via precipitation reaction. HA binding peptide, GAHWQFNALTVRGSG-Hydrazide (GAH-Hyd), was covalently bonded to the hNP using DMTMM chemistry. The reaction was halted by diluting the solution 10:1 with milliQ water and purified using tangential flow filtration. The dynamic viscosity of the six treatments were analyzed in a 70 kDa HA. Using a rheometer (Discovery HR-3) with a 20 mm parallel plate geometry, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE), a frequency sweep (0.01 -1000 Hz, 2.512 Pa) was conducted to measure the storage modulus of each solution. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: GAH-Hyd was successfully conjugated to the surface of the hNP and zeta-potential shows a significant increase in surface charge from -21.41 mV for unconjugated hNP to -8.94 mV for 65 GAH conjugated hNP, confirming conjugation. The hNPs need 65 ±10 GAH per nanoparticle to significantly bind to HA, shown by increasing the dynamic viscosity of the solution. The minimum concentration of 65 GAH-hNP required to significantly bind to HA is 313 µM. These data from our study display the ability to functionalized the surface of polymeric hNPs with site specific peptides and their ability to bind to diseased tissue. We expect the GAH-hNP system will restore the compressive strength of OA cartilage and prevent further HA degradation in ex vivo aggrecan depleted cartilage plugs. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Binding to exposed HA within the ECM of cartilage protects the HA from further degradation, halting the progression of OA. 65 GAH-hNP binds to HA at a 313 µM. Our system can be translated and used to treat a multitude of conditions by conjugating tissue specific peptides to the surface of our hNPs and delivery site specific therapeutics to diseases tissue.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our team has developed a high-throughput 3D patient-derived muscle platform to study signaling pathways associated with skeletal muscle disease. This platform will be used to study pathologies of human muscle that arise from genetic mutations and processes of aging along with pharmacologic interventions to improve mass, function, and performance. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In the current study, 3D skeletal muscle is formed from young healthy male samples. Samples are treated with urocortin II (UCNII) or vehicle for ten days and evaluated for tissue performance. Functional assessments include real-time contraction magnitudes using digital image correlation (DIC) analysis of video collected during electrical pulse stimulation and end-point measures of initial and repeated tetanic force production. Functional measures provide indices of patient muscle synchronicity, strength, and endurance related to drug efficacy and toxicity which we will correlate to pro-growth protein signaling via Luminex. A subset of these samples will also be analyzed by histology and microscopy to assess muscle fiber density, type, and size, as well as myotube fusion index and sarcomere uniformity. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that healthy muscle treated with UCNII will have increased synchronicity and contraction magnitudes in DIC analysis throughout their seven-day electrical pulse stimulation protocol. We also expect to see sustained contraction magnitudes in DIC analysis at the end of electrical pulse stimulation indicating fatigue resistance in the drug treated group compared to no-drug control. Like our real-time DIC data, we anticipate increases to initial and sustained maximal force production in the drug treated group. We expect that drug treated muscle will present with an increased fiber density, fiber diameter, and fusion index with uniform sarcomeres. Finally, we expect heightened pro-growth signaling pathways in treated vs. controls. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The current study will serve as an initial investigation of the endogenous ligand UCNII for enhancing skeletal muscle mass and performance in human muscle laying the framework for future drug efficacy and toxicity studies. This platform will ultimately enhance the study of muscle diseases and translation of therapeutics to clinical settings.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Studies have shown that cardiac arrest survivors have poor quality of life (QoL) secondary to neurologic injury. We hypothesized that poor provider-patient communication, lack of readiness for discharge, and perceived illness threat would be associated with QoL in cardiac arrest survivors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We distributed an online survey to the Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation listserv. Survivors completed the Questionnaire for the Quality of Provider-Patient Interactions (QQPPI), Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS), and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ). When completing the QQPPI and RHDS, survivors were asked to think back to their hospitalization and discharge. QoL domains (physical, psychological, social) were measured via the WHO-QOL BREF. Three multiple regression models examined associations between QQPPI, RHDS, and B-IPQ scores with QoL domains, adjusted for age, sex, months since arrest, and understanding of arrest and post-arrest symptoms at discharge. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 163 survivors (mean age 50.1 years, 50.3% women) provided complete survey data. Greater perceived illness threat (β: −.45, p < .001) and lower readiness for discharge (β: .22, p = .01) were associated with worse physical QoL; greater perceived illness threat (β: −.45, p < .001) was associated with worse psychological QoL; and greater perceived illness threat (β: −.3, p < .001) and poor provider-patient communication (β: .35, p < .001) were associated with worse social QoL. Our models explained 48%, 43%, and 30% of the variance in physical, psychological, and social QoL, respectively (p < .001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In-hospital interactions and perceived illness threat have important ramifications for cardiac arrest survivors attempting to return to daily life. Discussions regarding cardiac arrest sequelae, expectations, and specific treatment options during hospitalization could impact future QoL.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The proposed study aims to improve physical and mental health outcomes among Hispanic older adults who live alone in a low-income San Juan, Puerto Rico community through weekly PA groups. Specific outcomes include measures of loneliness, social isolation, depression, physical mobility, metabolic indicators, and other health indicators. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data will be collected at three time points: Pre (Week 1), Mid (Week 6), and Post (Week 12) intervention. Currently, the community has 50 residents over 65 years old who live under the poverty index and receive multiple social benefits. Various tools will be implemented to measure loneliness (University of California Los Angeles – Loneliness Scale-10 items), social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale-6 items), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale-10 items), physical mobility (Time Up and Go Test), metabolic health indicators (hemoglobin A1c and glucose) and other health indicators (i.e., blood pressure, cholesterol, as well as body mass index (BMI)). These measurements will determine if participation in PA groups is associated with improvement of the variables measured. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: It is expected that the baseline scores of older Hispanic adults in terms of loneliness, social isolation, depression, physical mobility, metabolic indicators (i.e., cholesterol level and hemoglobin A1c), and other health indicators (blood pressure or BP and BMI) will be lower compared to those after participation in the Physical Activity Program. More frequent participation will be associated with more significant improvement in measured variables. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Results from this study will determine the effectiveness of community-based PA interventions in addressing loneliness, social isolation, depression, physical mobility, and metabolic factors (hemoglobin A1c and glucose) in elderly minority Hispanic populations as a means of improving their health outcomes and quality of life.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To determine the association of participant’s characteristics and socio-cultural factors including acculturation, community identity and discrimination with the adherence to cancer screening guidelines and participants’ quality of life. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: As part of the Cancer Disparities Research Network pilot cohort, the study recruited 333 participants across four sites: Boston Chinatown, African American communities in Philadelphia, and Hispanic communities in Columbus, and rural white communities in Appalachia, Ohio. Enrolled participants were eligible if they were 40 to 74 years old, did not live in a nursing home or other facility, and had no prior invasive cancer diagnosis. Additionally, each participant met at least one of the following criteria: living in a medically underserved area, having low literacy, low income (defined as 100% of the 2015 Federal Poverty Level FPL according to 2015 FPL Guidelines), or being uninsured or receiving subsidized health insurance coverage. Participants completed a baseline survey of demographic data, health status, including health behaviors and risk factors to cancer, Primary Care Physician (PCP) status and most recent breast, cervical, prostate, skin and colorectal cancer screenings. Information related to discrimination, acculturation or adaptation, and sense of belonging to their community was collected using validated instruments. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 333 participants enrolled in the study, 65.5% were women, 14.1% were 40-50 years of age, 59.8% were 51-64 years, and 26.1% were 65-74. The cohort was racially and ethnically diverse: 8.4% of participants identified as Hispanic, 30.3% as non-Hispanic White, 31.2% as non-Hispanic Black, 29.4% as non-Hispanic Asian, and 0.6% as Other. 62.2% spoke English, 8.1% Spanish, and 29.7% Chinese as their primary language. Low incomes were common: 33.6% reported incomes $15,000 or less, and 25.8% reported incomes between $15,000 and $24,999. Overall adherence to USPSTF guidelines on cancer screening rates was 77.9% for breast cancer, 71.1% for cervical cancer, and 67.7% for colorectal cancer. Analyses will present the association of acculturation, community identity, and discrimination with cancer screening and quality of life measures. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study will promote the increase of cancer disparities research, and reinforce the importance of inclusion and increased recruitment of diverse populations in future studies. By determining the potential factors associated with cancer disparities among minority populations, it may provide new information for clinicians to have more cultural sensitivity addressing potential disparities in the clinical setting. It will also promote the creation of more tailored interventions and programs to deliver adequate healthcare among these populations.

Objectives/Goals: Optimal hydrocephalus treatment with permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion in myelomeningocele (MMC) patients is not well understood, especially how treatment response varies with time of MMC repair. We evaluate two treatment methods in this population–endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS). Methods/Study Population: We retrospectively identified patients from St. Louis Children’s Hospital who were diagnosed with MMC prenatally and underwent either prenatal or postnatal repair and subsequently underwent permanent treatment for hydrocephalus (VPS or ETV +/- choroid plexus cauterization) between 2018 and 2024. The primary outcome was failure (defined as need for revision) of procedure and time to failure. All revisions were shunt insertions/revisions. Differences in preoperative and 6-month postoperative head circumference (HC) and WHO standard HC z-score were examined. Differences in preoperative and 6-month follow-up fronto-occipital horn ratios (FOHR), a validated age-independent measure of CSF within the brain, on CT and MRI were additionally examined. Results/Anticipated Results: Eighty-three MMC patients were identified. 46 (55%) underwent CSF diversion: 37 (80.4%, 9 pre- and 28 postnatal) VPS and 9 (19.6%, 5 pre- and 4 postnatal) ETV +/- choroid plexus cauterization. Six (16%) VPS patients required revision vs. 3 (33%) ETV patients (∆17%; 95% CI -9 – 50). Mean time to failure was longer after VPS vs. ETV (516, SD 470 vs. 34, SD 7 days) [∆482; 95% CI 163 – 800]. The decrease between pre- and postoperative FOHR was greater after VPS vs. ETV (6 mo: -0.14, SD 0.10 vs. -0.03, SD 0.07) [∆0.11; 95% CI 0.04 – 0.18]. Differences in pre- and postoperative HC were similar (VPS 5.67, SD 2.91 vs. ETV 4.04, SD 1.66 cm) [∆1.63; 95% CI -0.71 – 3.98]. Greater, but not significant, z-score decreases were seen after VPS vs. ETV (-1.04, SD 2.22 vs. -0.13, SD 1.11) [∆-0.91; 95% CI -2.68 – 0.86]. Similar trends were observed in pre- and postnatal MMC repair groups. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Failure rates in MMC-associated hydrocephalus patients were greater in the ETV group, but no definitive conclusion can be made due to imprecision. Those treated with ETV have less time to failure and smaller FOHR decreases than those treated with VPS, indicating less CSF drainage. Due to the need for more subjects, future research should be multicenter.

Objectives/Goals: Mood and anxiety disorders are a risk factor (Ozer et al., 2003) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma exposure. As such, a latent internalizing dimension may also be a risk factor. We examine how the shared variance between mood and anxiety symptoms (as in HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2021) impacts development of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and symptom clusters. Methods/Study Population: Using data from a prior study of individuals who arrived at emergency rooms and were assessed at later time points (AURORA study; McLean et al., 2020), our sample included 1866 participants (1208 females, Mage  =  38.49 years) with available data for the proposed analyses. A latent factor (INTtotal) was operationalized as the shared variance between mood and anxiety symptoms (PROMIS Anxiety and Depression; Cella et al., 2010) as well as PTS symptoms (PCL-5, Weathers et al., 2013). We computed a second internalizing factor excluding PTS symptoms (INTma) to isolate the contribution of baseline affect and anxiety from PTS at baseline. We examined how baseline PTS symptoms, INTtotal, and INTma compare as prospective predictors for PTS symptoms at later time points and how these variables predict individual PTS symptoms. Results/Anticipated Results: Baseline INTma, INTtotal, and PTS symptoms were significant prospective predictors of PTS symptoms across all time points (all with t > 10, p < .005). When focusing on INTma relative to DSM-5 PTSD criterion (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), INTma significantly predicted later symptoms at six months posttrauma pertaining to Criterion D (t  =  18.88, p < .005), negative alterations in cognition and mood, Criterion E (t  =  15.44, p < .005) arousal and reactivity, and Criterion B, intrusion (t  =  15.44, p < .005). INTma significantly predicted symptoms in Criterion C, avoidance, though to a lesser degree (t  =  12.87, p Discussion/Significance of Impact: These findings bolster the utility of examining PTSD risk factors through a transdiagnostic lens. INTma was predictive of later PTS symptoms, independent of baseline PTS. Our analyses reveal clinical implications for the assessment of PTSD, and the tailoring of treatment for patients high in internalizing following trauma exposure.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Evidence suggests that individuals with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH), or excessive joint range of motion, are at higher risk of developing chronic neck pain. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of chronic neck pain in GJH and investigate its associations with other measures of spine health. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data was collected at the Driven to Discover Research Facility at the 2022 Minnesota State Fair. Individuals 18 years and older were invited to participate. All enrolled participants completed Phase 1, which included: the Beighton Score (measure of GJH), the 5-Point-Questionnaire (self-report survey for current or historical GJH), and a custom self-report survey for demographics and musculoskeletal pain. A subset of participants was also asked to complete Phase 2 of the study. Phase 2 consisted of additional self-report surveys (Neck Disability Index (NDI) and PROMIS-10 Global) and the following physical measures: neck range of motion in all planes, neck strength in flexion-extension and lateral bending, and grip strength. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 559 participants were enrolled in the study. All participants completed Phase 1, and 285 of those individuals completed Phase 2. Those with a Beighton Score≥4 were categorized as having GJH. The overall prevalence of GJH was 23.8% for females and 9.1% for males. Consistent with previous studies, multiple linear regression analysis (R2=0.20, F(2,552) = 69.37, p DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This is one of the largest studies investigating GJH, pain, and physical measures of neck function in the general population. The results highlight the higher prevalence of chronic neck pain in those with GJH and will form the basis for a subsequent study to identify mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for individuals with GJH and chronic pain.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This research will aid clinical and policy solutions on lessening the vast health disparities and overall access issues for low-income, type 1 diabetes patients. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Identify key barriers to accessing continuous glucose monitors (CGMS) and care options for low-socioeconomic status (SES) patients on public insurance. Low-SES patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have lower utilization rates of effective diabetes management technologies and worse clinical outcomes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A literature review was conducted to understand the current research landscape for T1D and lead to the identification of potential barriers which included socioeconomic status, low-income, health literacy, and racial/ethnic minority. Clinicaltrials.gov was searched using the keyword ‘type 1 diabetes’ in conjunction with the identified barriers (as well as the keyword ‘barrier’). A follow up review of each state’s Medicaid programs was conducted to analyze cost and access options for CGMs and the overall financial burden of the disease on low-SES T1D patients. States that offered CGM coverage were further analyzed to determine reimbursement rates and actual out-of-pocket cost for patients. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 285 trials identified from Clinicaltrial.gov searches, only seven relevant trials examined barriers and T1D for low-SES patients. Additionally, many of these studies, both in and outside of the clinical trial space, seldom distinguished between type 1 and type 2 diabetes’‘ an important distinction given that T1D has a higher financial burden and a quicker onset of complications. Currently, 39 states offer various insurance coverage through their Medicaid programs, but have clinical restrictions and requirements such as pediatric coverage only or minimum blood glucose requirement checks. Additionally, there is vast variability in reimbursement rates between states ($0-$800). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Study results indicate less effective diabetes management for low-SES T1D patients and a need for more intersectional clinical trial research. Differences in state’s Medicaid CGM coverage, expressed in disparate clinical outcomes for these T1D patients, belies financial incentives to health improvements, as annual US T1D costs are $14.4 billion.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The objective of this study was to determine whether residential radon and proximity to horizontal oil and drilling (fracking) are risk factors for the development of multicentric lymphoma in pet dogs, a spontaneous, immunocompetent model for non-occupational risk for NHL in humans. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Two case-control populations of dogs with multicentric lymphoma were utilized, with a focus on two dog breeds at high risk for lymphoma. Control dogs were matched for age, breed, and sex. Home addresses were collected for 54 Golden retrievers with lymphoma and 108 Golden retriever controls, and for 56 boxer dogs with lymphoma and 84 unaffected boxer controls. Counties of residence were matched to radon zones and percentage of home radon tests that exceeded the actionable level of 4 pCi/L, available by county through the EPA and the CDC National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network from 2008 to 2017. Locations of horizontal oil and gas wells were obtained from the Enverus Database, and distances from dog homes to the closest well, and well density by county, were calculated for each case and control. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found no significant differences in radon zones, county level radon measurements, or residential proximity to active fracking wells between dogs with lymphoma and unaffected controls in either the Golden Retriever or boxer populations. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Canine multicentric lymphoma resembles human NHL and is a valuable model of non-occupational environmental risk for NHL in people. Although we did not find geographic associations between radon and fracking wells, follow-up studies will measure household radon, as well as household air, water, and dog urine for potentially genotoxic chemicals.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our goal is to determine the structure of the CACHE domain of the Vibrio cholerae quorum sensing receptor CqsR as well as its autoinducer (AI). We are performing X-ray crystallography on the protein in its apo form, with the fractions containing the AI, and with known ligand ethanolamine (ETA). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We have transformed BL21(DE3) E. coli cells with a pTB146 vector to contain the gene for the CqsR CACHE domain. We grow these cells to high optical density and induce protein expression, at which point we harvest them and purify the protein. This entails lysing the cells, separating the protein with Ni-NTA resin, cleaving our protein tag, and column chromatography. With purified protein, high-throughput screens are set up to find crystallization conditions of apo CqsR, CqsR-ETA, and CqsR-AI. We then determine conditions that best lead to crystal formation and optimize them. Crystals are then diffracted with X-rays, process the data, and determine the structure of protein and AI. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate finding the structure of the CqsR CACHE domain to a high resolution in addition to the identity of its autoinducer. Previous results found that the structure is homologous to another V. cholerae chemoreceptor, Mlp37, and we expect the results from this project to confirm this. In addition, we know that the autoinducer weighs approximately 62 daltons, the same as the known ligand, ethanolamine. Given that CACHE domains bind specifically to their ligands, we anticipate that the autoinducer will be structurally similar to ethanolamine. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The results will reveal the structure of the CqsR CACHE domain and its autoinducer. This knowledge will better allow researchers to treat cholera, as both autoinducer identity and receptor conformational changes will be uncovered, allowing for drug development to inhibit cell growth.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Early diagnosis of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is of paramount importance in preventing speech and language impairment.Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) MRI can identify brain microstructural changes that may potentially contribute towards prognosticating rehabilitation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients with SNHL who obtained DTI MRI between 2011 and 2019, identifying 16 pediatric patients (age <18 years) with at least moderate asymmetric/bilateral SNHL., and gender-matched controlswithout neurological, developmental, or MRI-based brain macrostructural abnormalities. The following brainstem regions and tracts of the auditory pathway were assessed: superior olivary nucleus (SON), inferior colliculus (IC), ipsilateral tracts between the inferior colliculus and superior olivary nucleus (IC-SON). Diffusion values for bilateral regions and tracts were generated, then averaged to calculate a mean value for fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) for each subject. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Significant differences were identified in FA values of the SON between the SNHL cohort and controls (0.377±0.056 vs 0.422±0.052; p=0.009). No other FA or MD values were significantly different. In children £5 years, MD was significantly decreased in the SNHL cohort compared to controls in the IC (0.918±0.051 vs 1.120±0.142; p<0.001). In children >5 years, there were no significant differences in MD (1.124±0.198 vs 0.997±0.103; p = 0.119). There were no significant differences in MD or FA in the white matter fibers of the IC-SON tract [applewebdata%3A//720AAF0C-C4CF-459C-A42A-6BAA56C4E4CA#_msocom_2]. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to assess microstructural changes in brainstem auditory pathway regions among children with SNHL. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess the predictive value of DTI imaging for long-term outcomes and prognosticating intervention.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To optimize medication use in older adults, Medication Therapy Management (MTM) was launched as part of Medicare Prescription Drug (Part D) policy. The objective of this study was to generate hypotheses for strategies that contribute to community pharmacies’ ability to achieve high performance on policy relevant MTM quality measures. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This mixed-methods comparative case study design incorporated two conceptual models; the Positive Deviance model and Chronic Care Model. The study population consisted of pharmacy staff employed by a Midwestern division of a national supermarket-community pharmacy chain. Data consisted of semi-structured interviews and demographics. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed abductively or using descriptive statistics, respectively. Case comparisons were synthesized using the Framework Method. MTM quality measures used to evaluate participant pharmacies’ MTM performance mirrored quality measures under Domain 4 (Drug Safety and Accuracy of Drug Pricing) of the 2017 Medicare Part D Plan’ Star Rating measures. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Staff at 13 of the 18 selected pharmacies (72.2%) participated in interviews. Interviewees included 11 pharmacists, 11 technicians and three student interns. Strategies hypothesized as contributing to MTM performance included: 1. Strong pharmacist-provider relationships and trust, 2. Inability to meet patients’ cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic needs (negatively contributing), 3. Technician involvement in MTM, 4. Providing comprehensive medication reviews in person vs. phone alone, 5. Placing high priority on MTM, 6. Using maximum number of clinical information systems (CISs) to identify eligible patients. 7. Technicians using CISs to collect information for pharmacists, 8. Faxing prescribers adherence medication therapy problems (MTPs) and calling on indication MTPs. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our study resulted in eight strategies hypothesized to contribute to community pharmacy performance on MTM quality measures. To inform MTM policy recommendations, future research should engage stakeholders to assist with prioritizing hypotheses to be tested in a larger representative sample of pharmacies. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: This research was supported, in part, with support from the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute funded, in part by grant number TL1TR001107 from the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Clinical and Translational Sciences Award. Dr. Adeoye-Olatunde is a part-time employee and Dr. Lake is a full-time employee at the Midwestern division, national supermarket-community pharmacy chain, where study procedures were conducted. Dr. Snyder reports personal fees from Westat, Inc., outside the submitted work.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: By developing and validating a simple and cost-effective at-home screening tool for loss of smell, we can efficiently detect infection with COVID-19, neuropsychiatric disease such as Alzheimer’s, and post-operative smell loss. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To develop and validate a feasible and cost-effective screening tool for olfactory dysfunction (OD) using common household items. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The study has two phases. In the Development phase, 120 participants with self-reported smell changes will complete a survey with a list of 45 household items to smell. Item reduction to develop the NASAL Short Smell Test will occur by measuring content validity, factor analysis, and internal consistency. In the Validation phase, 200 participants with self-reported smell changes will take the NASAL Short Smell Test at baseline and again at three weeks. In both phases, the validated University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) will be used as the gold standard. Measures of performance as well as test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change will be measured. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that the majority of participants will have at least half of the items in their household and will report ability to smell for each. Measures of sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and UPSIT score correlations will allow us to evaluate performance of each item. Item reduction will allow us to create the NASAL Short Smell Test, in which a handful of common items will be used to create a screening tool for smell loss. The Validation phase will allow us to measure discriminative performance of this tool as well as test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change, which we expect to be at least comparable to the validated UPSIT. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Current tools for diagnosis of OD are costly, time-consuming, and often require a clinician to evaluate. The validation of the simple at-home NASAL Short Smell Test to screen for OD will allow us to detect infection with COVID-19, neuropsychiatric disease, or post-operative smell loss quickly and efficiently.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Population health research seeks to identify and address variation in needs, care experiences, and outcomes for a defined geography or subgroup. Solutions often require collective actions of complex interdependent health and social service systems in communities. System sciences focused on implementation and dissemination are vital for developing interventions that work at the intended scale in these “real world” environments; yet these approaches are often underutilized. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The UCLA Clinical Translational Science Institute (CTSI) co-developed a Population Health Program with the local health department to advance the practice and use of these system science methods. The vision is integrated training, methodological innovation, and real-world application in the region. One specific aim of the program is preparing investigators to apply suitable translational methods to solve population health problems in both health systems and in public health. Investigators from different parts of the university partnered with health services and public health leadership to develop and team-teach new curriculum in system sciences that integrates their disciplines (epidemiology, education, psychology, health policy and management). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: New curriculum in population and implementation/improvement sciences offers junior investigators effective modules and training opportunities that can support their career awards. The program is also increasing the receptivity and readiness of population health delivery systems to apply system science methods to pressing problems. Program metrics include total participants, research yielded by the collaboration, and skills and system science mindset acquisition among trainees, investigators, and health personnel. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: CTSAs can partner with health and public health agencies to develop shared infrastructure, developing capacity in the university and in the partnered local agencies so that investigators and the agencies that are responsible for population health can work together to apply suitable translational methods to solve population health problems in both health systems and in public health.

The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics–Underserved Populations’ COVID-19 Equity Evidence Academy (RADx-UP EA) was a series of virtual conferences hosted between 2021 and 2023 that assembled community members, researchers, and governmental leaders from across the US to discuss and devise ways to promote equity in COVID-19 testing and vaccination. Using community-engaged methodologies in its design and implementation, this series provided a framework and forum for community and academic partners to engage in collaborative idea generation and consensus building during a public health emergency. The ideas and strategies gained during the EAs were disseminated to inform future research and action related to COVID-19. This conference paper highlights the specific engagement approaches used and the themes and recommendations generated. This model and its findings have broad utility beyond RADx-UP and can be used by researchers and practitioners to inform and advance community-engaged research and practice in diverse public health settings.