Also, Heizer questions the existence of a period of climate moister than that of today at the time when makers of the Lake Mohave lithic complex camped about high shorelines.

The following article attempts to do two things:

(1) Distinguish descriptively between sand-wear and wave-wear so that other archaeologists can use these criteria.

(2) Show that a widespread cultural co-tradition existed in the Inter-Montane West about 7000 B.C. during a period of moister climate. Artifact inventories are submitted. This co-tradition was characterized by sparsity or lack of stone-on-stone milling, by a number of unique implements, and by a practice of frequenting the shores of now-dry water sources. This widely distributed orientation toward fossil water implies a generally wetter climate at that time.

This co-tradition was characterized by sparsity or lack of stone-on-stone milling, by a number of unique implements, and by a practice of frequenting the shores of now-dry water sources. This widely distributed orientation toward fossil water implies a generally wetter climate at that time.

The Tepalcatepec Basin lies in west central Michoacán, about 250 miles west and south of Mexico City. It can be reached in the dry season by a road that leads south from Uruapan. The area covered is in a large valley (50 by 35 miles) limited on the south and west by the Rio Grande de Tepalcatepec and on the east by the Rio Marqués (Rio Cupatitzio). The northern limit is approximately the 700-meter contour where the foothills rise abruptly to the Sierras surrounding Mt. Tancítaro. This valley extends northwest some distance up the east side of the Rio Tepalcatepec.

Floods and droughts and their effects on Hohokam canal systems and irrigation agriculture play a prominent role in many cultural-historical interpretations of the Hohokam trajectory in the lower Salt River valley (modern-day Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area). Catastrophic floods and associated geomorphic stream channel changes may have contributed to settlement and population changes and the substantial depopulation of the lower Salt River valley ca. A.D. 1450 or later. In this study, archaeological data on Hohokam domestic architecture is used to infer changes in prehistoric population growth rates from ca. A.D. 775 through 1450 in the most thoroughly documented canal system in the Salt River valley. Changes in growth rates are compared to the retrodictions of annual streamflow discharge volumes derived from tree-ring records. Contrary to expectations, population growth rates increased as the frequency, magnitude, and duration of inferred flooding, drought, and variability increased. These results challenge existing assumptions regarding the relationship among floods and droughts, conditions for irrigation agriculture, and population change in the lower Salt River valley.

Digging in the earth, uncovering long-buried objects, and musing about past societies have long entranced humankind. As anthropology—including archaeology—became an established scientifichumanistic discipline, universities began offering specialized training and advanced degrees in archaeology. Tracing the beginnings of awarding university credit for digging in the dirt has been a nostalgic excursion, and it has uncovered tales of puzzling prehistoric clues, deep attachments to the essence of a place, camp esprit, and logistical travails made bearable only by the passage of time.

In the winter of 1934–35, a ball-court, analogous in many details with those of Central America, was discovered at Snaketown on the Gila River Indian Reservation in south-central Arizona, during excavations conducted by Gila Pueblo. The announcement of a ball-court 1500 miles from its supposed origin, and in a region where it was entirely unexpected, met with skepticism until the discovery was verified by men qualified to judge from first hand knowledge acquired in the Middle American field. A new angle to the problem of relationships of Southwestern, Mexican, and Central American cultures was thus brought to the fore. Now, to add to this discovery, comes another find in the form of a rubber ball. It, too, was found in south-central Arizona and may, indeed, have been used in the game for which the courts were built.

The representation in the prehistoric and the early historic art of North America of circular shields or human figures whose torsos are depicted in the form of a shield provide a revealing indication of how widespread and complex was the diffusion of objects, ideas, and forms on the continent. Drawings of the shields and of shield figures are found in rock paintings and engravings, on paintings and skins, and on incised bark scattered throughout the continent. The origin of the motif is still in question, although present evidence would seem to point to central Mexico. The earliest examples north of the Rio Grande would appear to be in the rock paintings of the lower Pecos area of Texas. It next appears as an important form in the rock art of Utah which has been attributed to the Fremont Culture. From this latter area in late Prehistoric times, it apparently spread to the northern Plains, and thence into the central and southern Plains where it briefly became an element in the rock art and the mural paintings of the late Pueblo cultures. During this late period it also entered into the art of the region east of the Mississippi and into the rock art of the far western part of the continent.

A subsurface, modified systematic survey using a mechanical soil auger was carried out in downtown St. Augustine, Florida in 1976. The purpose of the survey, done in conjunction with historians and planners, was to locate the boundaries of the sixteenth-century Spanish settlement founded in 1565. The auger survey attained this goal, and the results were confirmed by three years of subsequent test excavations. The survey comprised the first stage in an ongoing cultural inventory and site assessment program for planning in St. Augustine, and has subsequently been extended to cover the entire corporate limits of the city. Having been tested through the excavation, the auger survey has proven to be a reliable method of revealing subsurface occupational and temporal patterning. It is also a fast, inexpensive and nondestructive survey method for the modern urban environment.

As a supplement to the recent review of H. V. Walter's book, The Prehistory of the Lagôa Santa Region, some additional information about the nature of his recent archaeological work is of interest. After the completion of our own year of archaeological field work in the Lower Amazon, three days were spent in the Lagôa Santa Region, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais with Mr. H. V. Walter studying his collections, and visiting and excavating with him some of the rock shelters and caves. Two sites, not mentioned in his report, are of such archaeological importance in the preceramic cultural history of South America that they should be brought to the attention of other archaeologists.

By way of introduction, it should be stated that Mr. Walter, the British Vice-Consul in Belo Horizonte, is primarily interested in paleontological data, a quest which for fifteen years has led him to extensive exploration at his own cost in the caves in and around the Lagôa Santa region.

The present article is an attempt by zoologists to draw conclusions from the vertebrate and other remains found in certain midden sites. Some of the remains have been discussed in papers presented at meetings of the Florida Anthropological Society (Brodkorb 1953; Gut 1952).

Two of the authors have been interested in local archaeological problems, as such. In addition, helpful advice was had from Ripley P. Bullen, Curator of Social Sciences at the Florida State Museum; from John M. Goggin, of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Florida; and from John W. Griffin, of the St. Augustine Historical Society (Florida). Thanks are due to these archaeologists; also to Barney R. Beck, owner of the Lemon Bluff site; to Bernard S. Good, owner of Good's Shellpit; to J. E. Price, owner of the Bluffton site; to Jerry Allen, manager of Silver Glen Springs at the time excavations were made there; to James B. Gut and Marjorie A. Briggs for assistance in collecting; and to E.

Recent key federal and tribal legislation often has proved inadequate for dealing with human remains. Because of this the Navajo Nation, in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, has developed a policy establishing a working set of procedures for cultural resource managers and developers to follow in the identification, verification, and ultimate disposition of human remains on Navajo Tribal Trust land. These procedures attempt to address legal and human concerns of next of kin, local residents, the Navajo Tribe as a whole, and the federal government. The policy does not expressly advocate the scientific study of human remains prior to or instead of reburial, but this alternative is allowable under the policy, given the acquisition of appropriate consent. This paper discusses the procedures (formally adopted by Navajo Tribal Resolution) along with suggestions for their modification for use elsewhere and under other circumstances.

In 1932 and 1933 the Laboratory of Anthropology and the University of New Mexico started independently on research projects which involved certain provocative cultural manifestations in north central New Mexico. Dr. H. P. Mera published the results of his investigations in 1938 under the title, “Some Aspects of the Largo Cultural Phase, Northern New Mexico.” In the same year, the author reported on some preliminary work in the same area in an article entitled “The Gallina Phase.“ As the university has continued its work in the more easterly section of this area, the name “Gallina” is retained in this connection, although the two types of material are obviously referable to the same cultural horizon.

In the excavating seasons just prior to the war, sporadic excavations were carried on in this area and a survey of the whole cultural province was continued.

It has been proposed that the spread of the Numic languages (and peoples) across the Great Basin from their California homeland correlates with a shift archaeologically in the area from a hunting focus to a seed-gathering focus, and that this shift may represent a Numic replacement of the non-Numic hunters. The actual linguistic adaptations of attested foraging groups contradict this idea: linguistic homogeneity will persist over large areas where a foraging economy is practiced. This is due partly to the incest taboo (the local social organization is a form of biological family) and partly to the adaptive advantage a mutually intelligible language gives foragers when food resources fail and the local group is dispersed among kin. Linguistic diversification among foragers is maladaptive, and dialect chains among foragers may persist through millennia over vast areas. Technological shifts could easily diffuse through such networks.

The Sun River site (24CA74) near Great Falls, Montana, is significant because the six occupation levels span the millennia of notable climatic change from late Altithermal to Medithermal conditions. Informative paleoenvironmental data enhance the archaeological results. Sun River provides an important means for understanding prehistoric adaptations on the Northwestern Plains between 5200 and 3600 B.P.

Until more archaeologists, not just faunal analysts and taphonomists, recognize the range and variety of animals that can deposit marine or estuarine animal remains into archaeological localities, insufficient research attention will be paid to distinguishing taphonomic agents. As demonstrated elsewhere (Erlandson and Moss 2001), an understanding of the antiquity of coastal adaptations and the nature of marine resource use in certain contexts requires careful assessment of noncultural sources of faunal remains in coastal settings. To address such problems, understanding the ecology of those nonhuman animals whose taphonomic signatures can mimic some of the characteristics of hominid middens is crucial.

Circular or sub-rectangular stone structures, often with dry-laid masonry walls and characteristically built in prominent locations, have been reported from sites ranging from the Plains across New Mexico and Arizona as far as California. West of the Rocky Mountains they have been reported from the Paradox Valley east of the La Sal Mountains, and several writers have noted comparable structures in northeastern Utah, sometimes standing alone and sometimes in supposed association with Puebloid remains.

Recent survey by the Colorado Museum of Natural History has shown the occurrence of hogan-like structures falling in this same classification, in the Rockies from the San Luis Valley on the south, where one site already had been reported but classed with tipi rings, across the Gunnison and Colorado drainages as far north as the headwaters of the White River.

The primary purpose of this paper is to report the finding of two Clovis Fluted points in southeastern Arizona and hence to further define the geographical range of the hunting complex represented by these points. The secondary purpose is to define the characteristics of the two points in question, for they closely resemble the eight points found at Naco, Arizona.

Haury and others (p. 1 ff.) report the finding of eight Clovis Fluted points in the near vicinity of Naco, in southeastern Arizona. This (American Antiquity, Vol. 18, No. 1, p. 91) was the first reported find of these fluted points in this area. The importance of the find was emphasized by the fact that the projectile points were found in direct association with the skeletal remains of Mammuthus (Parelephas) columbi (Haury, “The Naco Mammoth,” The Kiva, Vol. 18, Nos. 3-4, 1952, p. 17).

The Society for American Archaeology officers should be commended for their efforts to celebrate the success of the Society in reaching its relative stability on the occasion of the 50th Annual Meeting to be held in Denver, Colorado in 1985. The recognized founding of the Society took place at the Hotel Roosevelt (Theodore not Franklin) in Pittsburgh, December 28, 1934 following a dinner of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.